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Psychology
Aims to explain how we think and act - Coggle Diagram
Psychology
Aims to explain how we think and act
Memory
Two types of memory
Long Term Memory (LTM)
fairly reliable; things such as our names and other biographical information are stored.
- Effectively unlimited capacity
Semantic memory
Information related to meaning
- Meaning of words
- knowledge of facts
Procedural memory
Knowledge of how to do things
Episodic/Autobiographical memory
Memories personal to an individual
- Memories of birthdays, graduation, marriage, etc.
Permastore
Lasts for lifetime
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Short Term Memory (STM) or Working Memory (WM)
limited but is useful for holding such thing as telephone numbers
Visio-spatial sketchpad
our mind's eye
- Mental rotation of figures
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Central Executive
- Decision making
- Planning
- Anything related to above
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Transfer
to LTM to be stored permanently.
- STM suffers availability issue
- LTM suffers accessibility issue
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Attention
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Affecting Factors
Stress
Stressor
- noise
- light
- vibration
-fatigue
- anger
- threat
- lack of sleep
- fear
Arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Relationship between performance and arousal
- performance increases until reaching a point where we are too aroused so that the performance falls off sharply
Vigiliance
The take involving monitoring an instrument or situation for a signal
- watch on board a ship
- mariners scan the horizon for enemy ships
Mental Workload
How busy the user is and the difficulty of the tasks assigned to them
- Mental workload does not necessarily equate workload with overload
- But workload with overload usually cause high mental workload
Visual Attention
Visual Search
Ability to locate particular items in a visual scene
attentions are drawn to:
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Human Error
Some known factors
- Failure to read the instructions
- Unable to form appropriate mental model
- Failure to provide clear physical constraints on erroneous actions
Action Slips
List of Action Slips
Storage Failures: Repeating the action which is already finished
Test failures: Forgetting the goal of the action
Subroutine failures: Forgetting the subsequent action (forgetting attachment of email)
Discrimination failures: Failing to discriminate between two similar objects
Programme assembly failures: Incorrectly combined actions (save email and delete attachment instead of save attachment and delete email)
How to reduce
- Prompt to recall
- Small amounts of information at any one time
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