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**COHORT 11 -IDEA -ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTERVENTION, Mark: …

- - - - Auditory Processing Disorder (APD). Also known as Central Auditory Processing Disorder, this is a condition that adversely affects how sound that travels unimpeded through the ear is processed or interpreted by the brain. Individuals with APD do not recognize subtle differences between sounds in words, even when the sounds are loud and clear enough to be heard. They can also find it difficult to tell where sounds are coming from, to make sense of the order of sounds, or to block out competing background noises (LDAP, n.d.).
        
        Assistive Technology.
        
        High Tech: Text-to-speech (TTS) software lets kids see text and hear it read aloud at the same time. This may help kids with APD who also struggle with reading skills, such as decoding (Understood Team, n.d.). .
      - Learning Disabilities, What Are the Different Types?
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG_xSBsFMPQ&ab_channel=TheNationalCenterforLearningDisabilities
        
        References - Miguel 1. LDA Learning Disabilities Association of Pensylvania (n.d.). Types of learning disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.ldaofpa.org/types-of-learning-disabilities#:~:text=Dysgraphia,-Learn%20more%20Dysgraphia&text=A%20specific%20learning%20disability%20that%20affects%20a%20person's%20handwriting%20ability,writing%20at%20the%20same%20time.
        
        LDAOeng. (2014, June 10). Assistive Technology for Students with Learning Disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.ldatschool.ca/assistive-technology/
        
        Learning Disabilities, What Are the Different Types? (2012, April 27). [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG_xSBsFMPQ
        
        The Dyslexia Association. n.d.
        Assistive Technology. Retrieved from https://www.dyslexia.uk.net/services/assistive-technology/
        
        PLB Blogger. n.d. How Can I Support a Student With Dyscalculia? Retrieved from https://k12teacherstaffdevelopment.com/tlb/how-can-i-support-a-student-with-dyscalculia/#:~:text=Using%20assistive%20devices%3A%20Calculators%20and,to%20help%20students%20with%20dyscalculia.
        
        Understood Team. n.d. Assistive Technology for Auditory Processing Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/assistive-technology/assistive-technologies-basics/assistive-technology-for-auditory-processing-disorder
        
        Understood Team. n.d. Assistive Technology for Writing. Retrieved from https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/assistive-technology/assistive-technologies-basics/assistive-technology-for-writing
        
        Morin, A. n.d. Classroom Accommodations for Visual Processing Issues. Retrieved from https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/partnering-with-childs-school/instructional-strategies/at-a-glance-classroom-accommodations-for-visual-processing-issues
        
        Bright Hub Education. (2010, June 30). Assistive Technology for Non-Verbal Special Ed Children. Retrieved from https://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-speech-disorders/76036-assistive-technology-for-non-verbal-special-ed-children/#:~:text=One%20type%20of%20assistive%20technology,technology%20options%20are%20key%20considerations.
      - Dysgraphia. A specific learning disability that affects a person’s handwriting ability and fine motor skills. Problems may include illegible handwriting, inconsistent spacing, poor spatial planning on paper, poor spelling, and difficulty composing writing as well as thinking and writing at the same time (LDAP, n.d.).
        
        Assistive technology.
        
        High Tech: For students with handwriting difficulties, being able to take notes on a laptop or computerized device (such as an iPad) can improve the quantity and quality of the notes (Vaughn & Bos, 2009).
        
        The Student Improvement Process provided with this link (https://coggle.it/diagram/YJqPuxVcoeJTf5ST/t/student-improvement-process-sip-a-valdes-naveda) can be implemented with students that have specific learning disabilities, if only the conditions of assistive technology are met and therefore the SIP can be subsequently adjusted to meet those students special needs. For example, for students with dysgraphia, Subject Teachers could avoid assigning them homework on printed paper and allow them to use iPads instead to type their work. At the same time, the Academic Support Coordinator, the Homeroom Teacher and the Instructor in charge of the Targeted Study Hall, can ensure the said student completes homework.
        
        Lilian - The following flowchart can be employed with students that have LD like dysgraphia:
        Struggling students
        For example, one of the differentiated instructions a a dysgraphic student is to allow him to use his computer to type the notes of the class, if this doesn't work, then he could take pictures of the content written on the board and bring it home to study.
        
        Process to follow with LD students in my classroom
      - Visual Perceptual (VP)/Visual Motor (VM) Deficit. A disorder that affects the understanding of information that a person sees, or the ability to draw or copy. A characteristic seen in people with learning disabilities such as Dysgraphia or Non-verbal LD, it can result in missing subtle differences in shapes or printed letters, losing place frequently, struggles with cutting, holding pencil too tightly, or poor eye/hand coordination (LDAP, n.d.).
        
        Assistive Technologies
        
        No Tech: Pencil grip can help achieve better hand positioning and movement while the students write, resulting in improved handwriting. (Understood Team, n.d.).
        
        No Tech: A highlighter can be used use to highlight information while reading (Morin, A. n.d.).
      - Dyslexia. A specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills. The severity can differ in each individual but can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders. Dyslexia is sometimes referred to as a Language-Based Learning Disability (LDAP, n.d.).
        
        Assistive technology.
        
        Mid Tech: Spell checkers that are specifically designed with dyslexia in mind to automatically make corrections to written communications. (The Dyslexia Association, n.d.).
        
        Lilian - The following flowchart can be employed with students that have LD like dyslexia:
        Struggling students
        For example, to practice the vocabulary the teacher could give the dyslexic students a pocket speller checker. Writing down a check list of the things to do in class is another strategy, if this doesn't work, then the teacher could use visual reminders. If nothing work, it'll be important to do an intervention, talk with the counsellor and parents.
        
        Process to follow with LD students in my classroom
      - Dyscalculia. A specific learning disability that affects a person’s ability to understand numbers and learn math facts. Individuals with this type of LD may also have poor comprehension of math symbols, may struggle with memorizing and organizing numbers, have difficulty telling time, or have trouble with counting (LDAP, n.d.).
        
        Assistive Technology.
        
        Low Tech: Calculators and abacus are the most commonly used assistive devices to help students with dyscalculia (PLB Blogger, n.d.).
      - Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities (NVLD). A disorder which is usually characterized by a significant discrepancy between higher verbal skills and weaker motor, visual-spatial and social skills. Typically, an individual with NLD (or NVLD) has trouble interpreting nonverbal cues like facial expressions or body language, and may have poor coordination (LDAP, n.d.).
        
        Assistive Technology.
        
        High Tech: Adaptive computers and keyboards: standard computers (desktops or laptops) and keyboards adapted with special software, touch-screen monitors, and keyboards with pictorial overlays that allow the non-verbal child to communicate and interact with others (Bright Hub Education, 2010).
  - - - Mid Tech
        
        IXL For Math
        
        Watching videos'
        
        Online games and activities
        
        Graphing calculators, I pad, Computers
        
        Resources , lecture , video lessons all available online
        
        Audacity helps to edit and record sounds
        
        Spark Space supports writing of students
        
        Audio recorders help to store audio
        
        Talking Dictionaries help to verify definition, meaning and spelling
        
        Inspiration software will help the students to organize visually without writing
      - High Tech
        
        Screen Readers
        
        Talking Calculators
        
        Electronic Dictionaries
        
        Show Me Interactive White Board
        
        Audio Books
        
        Free Books have free book notes, high light options and dictionary
        
        Dragon Dictation based on voice recognition application
      - Low Tech
        
        Graphing paper, Lined paper
        
        Basic Calculators
        
        Flash cards
        
        vocabulary dictionary
        
        Sticky notes or post it notes to summarize the main idea
        
        Graphic Organizers
        
        Suchi flow chart - special needs students
        
        Manipulatives
        
        Suchi flow chart for special needs students
        
        Note pads can be used to record information
        
        Cue cards can be used for an oral presentation
        
        Audio recordings can be used to review and access later
        
        break learning into small groups
        
        quality feedback
        
        provide prompts
        
        engage students in process type questions
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CThsnREAcf4
      - Research
        Young,G (2012) Assistive Technology for Students with Learning Disabilities
        https://www.ldatschool.ca/assistive-technology/
  - - - Mid Tech
        
        Speech-recognition programs
        
        Audio Books and Reading Softwarehttp://cambiumlearning.com/
        
        Time Timer
      - Low Tech
        
        Task Charts( to break down the step)
        
        Wobbly Chairs
        
        Fidgets
        
        Graphic Organizers
      - High Tech
        
        Electronic Math Worksheet /Apps Softwarehttps://youtu.be/d6k_zVSOX0U
        
        Visual Dictionaries
        
        Speech-recognition programs
        
        Speech Synthesizers/Screen Reader Systems
  - - - Social Withdrawal
        
        Lack of Physical, Emotional, and Mental Energy
        
        Negative Emotions
        
        No Patience for Self or Others
        
        https://www.powerofpositivity.com/emotional-distress/
        
        Emotional Disturbance can manifest in multiple ways ranging from acting out, depression, self-harm, lack of interest in schoolwork, lack of empathy, and much more.
        
        What should teachers do?
        
        Don't Give Up! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJFAUAutxBA
        
        De-escalate! https://youtu.be/YxC_Q8zE0SU
        
        Support! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOmCH35FdiY
        
        1 more item...
    - - Any technology that makes he emotionally disturbed person, less disturbed. Because this is not an intellectual disability and often has no physical measurables, there is no standard set, except those assistive technology that would be used in any other LD, or it could be a blanket, stuffed animal, or something special. Of course, safe rooms, rooms with no sharp or hard objects, or environments free of any implement that could used for harm.
        
        https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ967467
        
        REDUCE OVERLOAD: Children get overwhelmed easily and sometimes needless work to fully understand their school. Below are some technology helps.
        Embedded Assistive Technology
        (Mid-High Tech)
        Reduce school tools that can cause self-harm
        (Low-Tech)
        Visual Schedules
        (Low-Tech)
        Videos That Calm Down and Focus Students
        (Mid-Tech)
        
        Fidget Spinners
        (Low-Tech)
        App Applications That Promote Self-Meditation and Focus
        (High-Tech)
        Screen Magnifier
        (Mid-High Tech)
        Electrical Devices
        (High-Tech)
        
        (More Resources)
        http://www.autismadventures.com/low-tech-mid-tech-and-high-tech/
        https://www.theedadvocate.org/assistive-technology-to-help-students-with-behavioral-disabilities-succeed-academically/
- - - - Research
        Maza.L,(2021, March12) Enabling Devices
        https://enablingdevices.com/blog/assistive-technology-in-the-classroom/
        https://www.teachthought.com/technology/15-assistive-technology-tools-resources-for-students-with-disabilities/
      - Mid Tech
        
        Listening device -helps to magnifies sound
        
        Communicators help students with visual needs
        
        I pad with stylus, mounts and switches
        
        Timers
        
        Sip and puff system -fine motor disabilities functions like a joystick controller
        
        Audio books
        
        Math Simulations - to visualize math problems and concepts by simulations
        
        Braille
        
        Text to speech devices
        
        Video phones, video games
      - High tech
        
        Speech program - ,message to speech
        
        speech recognition software- audio to text
        
        Computer keyboards
        
        Kurzwell 3000 - text magnification, talking spell checker, picture dictionary graphics, test taking tools
        
        Math Talk - speech recognition software program
        
        Ginger - Grammar checker, word prediction, personal trainer
        
        Ghotit, word prediction, personalized checking
      - Low Tech
        
        Seating arrangements , classroom environment
        
        Allowed breaks in between
        
        Structured routine, goals modified but aligned to Standards
        
        Simple Graphic Organizers
        
        hearing aids
        
        visual alerting devices
        
        communication board
        
        walker
        
        pencil grip
        
        break learning into small groups
        
        quality feedback
        
        engage students to process questions
      - [Assistive technologies (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omjVM1lwkII
  - - - Voice to text software programs
      - Captioning
      - Note Taker
      - Lip Reader
    - - Clear Voice
      - Visuals
      - Supplementary Written Materials
      - Closer Seat allocation
      - Explicit Teaching
    - - Personal FM systems
      - Cochlear Implants
      - Utilize Soundfield Systems (classroom settings)
  - - - Autistic disorder
      - Childhood disintegrated disorder
      - Rett syndrome
      - Asperger's syndrome
      - Pervasive developmental disorder
    - - Infographic: autism in numbers
        (Autism Speaks, 2018)
    - - Low-Tech AT
        
        Visual support strategies
        
        Visual schedule
        
        Types of visual schedules:
        
        Object schedule (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Three-ring binder schedule
        
        Clipboard schedule
        
        Manila folder schedule
        
        Dry erase board
        
        (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Activity schedule (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Visual calendars
        
        (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Visual directions
        
        (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Visual rules
        
        Individual or collective behavior cards
        
        Communication skills strategies
        
        Picture point communication board system
        
        Picture Exchange Communication System
        
        Break cards
        
        "All done" cards
        
        Topic ring/topic wallet
        
        Social Stories
        
        "Picture it" is a program that allows convert text to symbols (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Social Scripts
        
        File Folder Activities
        
        Highlighter Tape
      - High-Tech AT
        
        Video taping
        
        Video taping is useful for:
        practicing language comprehension skills
        exercising social skills
        expressing emotions
        studying
        (NASET, n.d.)
        
        Computers
        
        Adaptive Hardware
        
        Intellikeys
        
        Touch Window
        
        Big Keys
        
        Trackballs
        
        Robots
        
        Kiwi
        Socially Assistive Robot Helps Children with Autism Learn
        
        Human-shaped robots
        Personalized “deep learning” equips robots for autism therapy
        
        QTrobot
        Therapy Robot Teaches Social Skills to Children With Autism
      - Mid Tech AT
        
        Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCAs)
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq1aPKSnSnY
        
        BIGmack
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Kt7mi4Uf4
        
        TalkTablet
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoF1-IN7Pl0
        
        Voice in a Box
        
        Audio taping
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH6VbXLSv0U
    - - Process to follow with ASD students:
        
        Flowchart: struggling students in the classroom
  - - - Low Tech
        
        Braille
        
        Teaching aid model
        
        Sign/body language
      - High Tech
        
        Screen readers
        
        Talking equipment
      - Research
        Young, Gabrielle. & MacCormack, Jeffrey. Assistive Technology for Students with Learning Disabilities
        https://www.ldatschool.ca/assistive-technology/
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkthqXO9IQM
      - Mid Tech
        
        TDD with Braille
        
        Bookport blaze et
        
        Bump dots
  - - - The IDEA's Special Education Categories: Orthopedic Impairment (2013, September 2). [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfLMfL-Rbl0&ab_channel=YourSpecialEducationRights
    - - Assistive Technologies:
        
        High Tech: Speech recognition software.
        
        Mid-tech: Alternative keyboards and mice.
        
        Mid-High Tech: Augmentative and alternative communication devices.
        
        High Tech: Word prediction software.
        
        High Tech: Screen reading software.
        
        High Tech: Academic software for students with disabilities.
      - No - Low Tech: Wheelchairs, canes, walkers, special chairs for comfortable seating positions (Cook, A., n.d.).
  - - - Assistive Applications (Volunteer-based services)
        
        Bespecular - Send photos to sighted volunteers for interpretation
        
        Be My Eyes - Make video phone calls with sighted volunteers
        
        Be My Eyes: Hans Jørgen Wiberg at TEDxCopenhagen
      - Assistive Applications (non-volunteer)
        
        TapTapSee - Reading photos
        
        NavCog - GPS navigation
        
        Magnifying Glass
      - Digital classrooms
        
        Easyclass
        
        Google Classroom
        
        Edvance360
        
        Edulastic
        
        Osmo
    - - Braille
        
        Books
        
        Labels
      - Tactile models and raise line drawings
    - - Seating
        
        Lighting
        
        Proximity to outlets
      - Communication
        
        Always use names
        
        Use a lot of contrast in all visuals
        
        Avoid gesturing and just verbalize
    - - Magnifying glass
      - Cane
  - - - FM system
      - FM field system
      - Interpretype
      - Sound application system
      - Key board
    - - Clear talk
      - Pre-assignment
      - Close seat
      - Face to face talk
      - Note book
      - White board
      - Lip shape recognition
      - Sign language
    - - Face time on apple devices
      - Closed captions on apple devices
      - Text messages on apple devices
      - Mono audio on apple devices
      - Dragon Dictation on apple devices
      - Face Time on apple devices
      - Sound AMP on apple devices
      - Learn American sign language on apple devices
      - My smarty hands on apple devices
      - Automatic speech recognition system
      - Display panel
      - Touch screen
    - - Reilly.C &Qi.S(2011, October), Snapshot of deaf and hard of hearing people, postsecondary attendance and unemployment . Retrieved from https://www.gallaudet.edu/office-of-international-affairs/demographics/deaf-employment-reports/
  - - - Symptoms (Signs) : https://www.healthline.com/health/speech-disorders#symptoms
        
        Adding Extra Sounds, Visible Frustration When Trying to Communicate.
        
        Repeating Sounds, Taking Frequent Pauses When Speaking.
        
        Elongating Words, Making Jerking Movements with Body (Usually With Head).
        
        Blinking Several Times While Talking, Distorting Sounds.
        
        Reasons may include, but are not subject to, autism, and ADHD.
        
        What Should We DO????
        
        Help Students With https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-factsheet.html
        
        2) Voice (pitch, resonance, or loudness)
        
        1) Articulation (production of speech sounds)
        
        3) Fluency (flow of speech)
        
        Although it is important for teachers to help students with speech impediments through the above strategies, it is more essential for these students to be referred to specialists.
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXRbhcV9eAs
        
        1 more item...
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNYAb7VimC8
        
        Assistive Technology
        
        Adaptive Communication Switches.
        
        Infrared Switches
        Jellybean Switches
        Sound Switches
        Touch Switches
        
        Sound Measuring Apparatus / Decibel Meter. (High-tech)
        
        An Electroglottograph (EGG)
        Laryngograph
        
        Stroboscopes.
        
        Diagnostic Stroboscopes
        Video Stroboscopes
        
        Tablet Computer. (High-Tech)
        
        Tablet devices such as the iPad, Google Nexus and Samsung Galaxy are changing the way SLPs interact with their patients. Not only are tablets engaging, but they are portable, affordable, and multifunctional; not to mention there are a whole host of apps out there specifically designed for speech language pathologists.
        The iPad for instance is gaining popularity among speech professionals in part because patient therapy can be carried over at home. For the travel SLP, this is one especially light tool bag.
        
        Voice Synthesizer. (Mid-Tech)
        
        Augmentative Communication Devices – Read a recent CNN article on AAC, and how iPad technology gives voice to kids with autism.
        Therapeutic voice synthesizers
        
        Analytical Software.
        
        Language Analysis Software
        Signal Analysis Software
        Speech Analysis Software
        
        Medical Software.(high-tech)
        
        Aphasia Treatment – Aphasia Tutor by Bungalow Software
        Multi-Speech – KayPENTAX
        Speech Training System – Video Voice
        Text to Speech – Universal Reader by Premiere Assistive Technology
        
        Office Software. (Mid-High Tech)
        
        Email Application – Outlook
        Word Processing – Word
        Spreadsheet – Excel
        9) Manipulatives (Low-Tech)
        Visual Schedules
        Visual Examples
        Reward Systems
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFtg2xub10E