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Democratization (Britain (Gradualism (Expansion of the right to vote,…
Democratization
Britain
Gradualism
Expansion of the right to vote
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The course of change, specifically democratization, has occurred in the UK in a very gradual way. The idea of representation and a democratic government began in 1215 with the signing of the Magna Carta and has continued in a gradual processto present day. Voting rights began expansion in the early 19th century and universal voting was acheived in the early 20th century.
Big Society
Initiated by David Cameron, it called for the employment of grass roots volunteers and private organizations, as opposed to 'big government'. Though The UK has always been very democratic, this movement empahsized the freedom of the indivdual.
Thatcherism
Thatcher increased democratization with her policies of neoliberalism. Essentially, it represented the privatization of industry as well as teh protection of individual property rights, which support democratic values.
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Russia
Boris Yeltsin
Led the Revolution of 1991, which replaced the Communist regime with a democratic one. Once in power, Yeltsin instituted many democratic policies like shock therapy, the creation of the Duma, and a Constitutional Court
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Putin
There is much debate over whether Russia is considered an illiberal democracy or a dictatorship, as Putin often acts with little regard for the legal system and political system in place.
Putin has created a system of state corporatism, which means that though outside institutions are allowed to try and bargain with government for policy, the state regulates it. This has undermined democratization, because the state still has the day in what happens, instead of actually listening to the people and their wants.
Putin has retreated from many of the democratic policies that Yeltsin left in place. He has allowed oligarchs to maintain their enormous wealth and has also stepped over the Constitution to maintain power.
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China
Deng Xiaoping
After the fall of the people's republic of China, Xiaoping instituted economic liberalization policies which give much more freedom to Chinese business. Policies like the Open door policy and the infusion of capitalism affirm China's democratization.
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Open Door Policy
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The continuation of China's Open Door Policy allowed for some privatization to the economy, as capitalist countries like the US and the UK were able to trade for teh first time in almost 50 years,
SEZ's
Special Economic Zones have allowed the communistic economy of China to incorporate some privatized industry, Basically, it sets regional zones that allow for foreign investment, which has bolstered the economy of China and allowed for more liberal economic policy.
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As seen in the graph, the increase in SEZ's since 2000 shows the Democratization of China in recent years
Mexico
PRI Loss
In the year 2000, former Mexican president Vicente Fox defeated the PRI candidate, and ended the 71 year reign of the PRI over the presidency by handing over the office to another party.
Former President Ernesto Zedillo, who was the last of the uninterrupted 71-year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), stated in a nationally televised address, “Today we have proved that our democracy is mature.” Link Title
Even after the establishment of a multi-party system, the PRI retains a tight grip on countries institutions from behind the scenes.
Nigeria
Democracy Day
Democracy Day is the day the military handed over power to an elected civilian government in 1999. Nigeria's Democracy Day is a public holiday to commemorate the restoration of democracy in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. May 29 was initially the official democracy day in Nigeria, marking when the newly elected Olusegun Obasanjo took office as the President of Nigeria in 1999, ending multiple decades of military rule that began in 1966 and had been interrupted only by a brief period of democracy from 1979 to 1983.)
Prebendalism
The democratic institution in Iran are undermined by the major corruption that plagues Nigeria's politics. Prebendalismis a political systems where elected officials and government workers feel they have a right to a share of government revenues, and use them to benefit their supporters, co-religionists and members of their ethnic group. Elected officials who take part in this are not fulfilling their duties as public servants, and therefre are hurting the democratization attempts in Nigeria.
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