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Theme 5 Gas exchange - Coggle Diagram

- - - - pressure of gases
        
        standard temperature and pressure dry (STPD)
        
        standard condition for measuring gas volum
        
        273 K , 0C
        
        atmospheric pressure at sea level
        
        101.3 kPa
        
        dry
        
        partial pressure (P)
        
        pressure of gases at different elevations above sea level
        
        increase elevation
        
        decrease pressure
        
        increase volume
        
        decrease density of gas molecules (thinner)
  - - - at higher pressure, increase molecule collisions
      - gill exam;les
        
        can diffuse against concentration gradient
        
        Oxygen concentration of venous blood at fish gills greater than water
    - - difference of average partial pressure of gas on either side of surface
      - Krogh's diffusion constant (K) of the gas
      - area (A) of exchange surface
      - thickness (d) of exchange surface
    - - can supply oxygen adequately to an idealized cell with sufficient water movement around it for increase PO2
      - limited by surface area to volume ratio
      - even some tiny vertebrates like salamander