Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Key Terms (I&S) Geography - Coggle Diagram
Key Terms (I&S) Geography
Economic shocks
Definition: Unexpected, significant event that abruptly disrupts normal economic indicators
Economic indicators
Relative poverty
: measure that defines a person as poor when their household income or resources fall significantly below the average standard of living within their society.
Absolute Poverty
: Condition where a household or individual lacks the minimum financial resources and income required to cover the basic human needs for physical survival.
Inflation
: General, continuous increase in which the price of goods and services across an economy over time, which reduces the purchasing power of money.
Unemployment
: state of which a person of working age is without paid work or self-unemployment, is currently available to work, and has actively searched for a job within a specific recent period.
GNP (Gross National Product)
: Market value of all final goods and services produced by a country's residents and businesses in a specific time regardless of whether the production occurs domestically or abroad
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
: Market value of all goods and services within a country's borders
Purchasing Power Parity
: A tool that compares the buying power of different currencies by measuring the relative cost of a standard basket of goods and services in different countries.
Balance of trade
: Difference between monetary value of a country's exports and its's imports over a specific amount of time.
Demographics
Definition: Statistical characteristics of human population (e.g. age, income, ethnicity)
Demographic Impacts
Birth rates
: Total number of live births per 1000 people in the population.
Death rates
: Total number of deaths per 1000 people in the population
Fertility rate
: Live births relative to women of childbearing age per 1000 people in the population.
Life expectancy
: Actual average number of years a person is expected to live based on current age specific death rates and mortality conditions.
Male and female ratio
: Proportion of male to females in a given population, typically expressed as number of males to 100 or 1000 females.
Age structure
: Actual distribution of people across different age groups and sexes within a given population at a specific time.
Migration
Definition: Movement of people, involving a semi-permanent or permanent change of residence, from a source area to a destination area.
Migration aspects
Length of stay
Temporary
: when the migrant intends to return to their place of origin.
Permanent
: When the migrant intends to stay in their destination.
Distance travelled
Internal
: When the migrant intends to move within the country.
External
: When the migrant intends to move across more than one country.
Reasons
Forced
: When the migrant has no choice but to migrate due to political, racial, religious or environmental reasons
Voluntary
: When the migrant chooses to migrate due to social/economic reasons.
Internally Displaced Persons (IDP): someone who has been forced to flee their home or place of habitual residence, but remains within the borders of their own country.
Refugee: An individual who was forced to flee their home country due to war, violence or conflict.