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LANGUAGE DIVERSITY - Social Groups - TEENAGERS - Coggle Diagram
LANGUAGE DIVERSITY - Social Groups - TEENAGERS
Language and age = 'Youth Language'
can be defined by age + also people identifying as youthful
Age 13 vs. Age 25)
NO single youth language - variation in language of young people
"Teenagers are in a constant state of flux." - Tagliamonte (2016:3) - Canadian sociolinguist
Anna Strensom - found following features in teenage language:
Irregular turn-taking
Overlaps
Indistinct articulation
Word shortenings
Teasing and name calling
Slang
Taboo Language
Rising intonation
Verbal duelling
Lanaguage mixing (using language from other cultures)
VERNACULAR - unguarded, casual conversation (Labov)
Youthful speakers pay least attention to language usage
STYLE - youthful speakers make consious decisions in their styles and language choices
Youth Language GLOBALLY
MLE (Multicultural London English):
Dialect of London
emerged early 1980s in areas of previous immigration
post WW2 - windrush generation influence
based on traditional East-End Cockney dialect
HOWEVER
unlike cockney, MLE speakers pronounce 'H' at beginning of words - NO 'h' dropping
Vowel sounds where 'o' is like Scottish vowels
Key features;
Indefinate pronoun - 'man-dem'
'me' as a quotative
end to 'h' dropping
exaggerated dipthongs
vocabulary
tag questions
Grammatical variation (MLE):
'why you... for?'
question frame
Phonological variation (MLE):
house, home
NO h-dropping
Lexical variation (Carribean Creole):
Key features of black english:
dentals - 'den'
dentals - 'den'
vowels - 'run' (as ran)
third-person singular present-tense verbs - 'John swim far'
plurals - 'six car'
first-person singular pronoun - 'me feel happy'
Penelope Eckert
-Jocks (school-oriented, conformist) and Burnouts (rebellious, anti-school)
Teenagers tend to speak more like those they share social practices and attitudes with rather than simply mirroring a broad "teenage" demographic. Slang and phonological variables are used to construct distinct peer identities
Emma Moore (2001 / Bolton Study)
Studied teenage girls in Bolton, analyzing the use of the non-standard copula ("we was" vs. "we were").
Categorized girls into distinct social sub-groups: Townies (high non-standard usage linked to a rebellious/heterosocial focus), Populists, and Geeks/Eden Valley girls (higher standard English usage tied to school-oriented aspirations)
Vivian de Clerk (1997)
Noted that young people have the cultural freedom to challenge linguistic norms.
Teenagers use language to seek a distinct identity, express group solidarity, and signal "coolness" or difference from older generations.