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ligament joints and planes of movement - Coggle Diagram
ligament joints and planes of movement
ligaments
they are short bands of tough and fibrous flexible tissue that hold bones together
their main function is to maintain the joint structure and keep the bones in place
more ligament = more stable joints
they also prevent excessive movement like hyperextension and hyperflexion.
joints
also known as articulation there are roughly 350 joints in the skeletal system
they are lubricated by synovial fluid
the connect bone to bone without joint we will not be able to move
there are 3 classification of joint(fixed, slightly moveable and freely moveable)
fibrous joint
they are held together by bands of tough fibrous tissue
also known as a fixed joint
no range of movement for example the crainium
cartilginous
also known as the slightly moveable joint
they are only allowed slight movement if they try to go too far the cartilage stops them
it is cover in a smooth shiny converting known as the hyaline cartilage to reduce friction
bones are seperated by white fibrocartilage
synovial joiint
also knows as the freely moveable joint
allows a wide free range of movement
larger lubrication of synovial fluid
there are six types of synovial joints
ball and socket
hinge
pivot
gliding
saddle
condyloid
plane of movements
this is an imaginary flat surface that runs through the surface
there three plane of movement
frontal(fab) this splits the body into front and back the movement permitted are adduction and abduction (saggital axis)
sagittal(sex) this the vertical plane that separate the body into left and right movement related are flexion and extension (tranverse axis )
horizontal/ transverse(TROT): separate the body into bottom and upper halves the movement permitted is rotation and circumduction (longitudinal axis )
synovial joints
hinge: found in the elbow and the knee enables flexion and extension of the joint
ball and socket: found at the shoulder and hip allow movement in all direction
movement permitted includes: flexion extension adduction abduction circumduction and rotation
saddle: it is only found in the thumbs also three planes of movement forwards backwards and side to side
movement permitted are flexion extension circumduction adduction and abduction
pivot: found in the neck between the top two vertebrae to allow rotational movement
movement permitted is rotation
condyloid: found in the wrist metacarpals and phalanges movement across two planes called the biaxial allows to bend and straighten joint and move side to side.
movement permitted include flexion extension circumduction adduction and abduction
gliding: found in carpal and tarsals joint occurs on two flat end of bones
movements permitted include: unique movements like sliding