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Planetary Changes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Increased greenhouse gas emissions
        
        results in
        
        Global warming increases risk
        
        Alters plant nutrient profile while affecting human, insect, and animal health (pp. 66).
        
        Geographically and temporally disconnects plants and pollinators (pp. 66). Increases risk of extinction
        
        drivers
        
        Agriculture is responsible for approximately a quarter of GHG emissions (pp. 64).
        
        Food waste
        
        solution
        
        Plant based diet will decrease GHG emissions (pp. 71).
- - - - Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles
        
        reason for the cycles changes
        
        Synthetic fertilizers add more fixed nitrogen to the biosphere than all natural systems combined (pp. 64). reduces Eutrophication
        
        solution
        
        Intercropping and crop rotation can mitigate synthetic fertilizer dependency. Intercropping can also increase crop yield (pp. 70).
- - - - 40% of the planet's ice-free land has been converted to rangeland and cropland while another 37% is seminatural (substantial human populations within agricultural lands and settlements) as of 2000 (pp. 48). conversion happens on arable land
      - 7-11 million kilometers squared of tropical and temperate forests have been cut down and over 60% of rivers have been dammed specifically for agriculture (pp. 64).
    - - The conversion of land for agriculture and animal husbandry has resulted in large-scale habitat loss and fragmentation (pp. 64). primary driver primary driver primary driver
- - - - A third of the world's arable cropland is degraded and continues to degrade by a rate of about 12 million hectares per year (pp. 65).
        
        solutions
        
        Cover crops, no-till agriculture, intensive rotational grazing, agroforestry and other agroecology practices can regenerate soil fertility (pp. 70).
        
        Inoculating soil or seeds with microbes that increase a crop's efficiency at mobilizing soil nutrients or ones that are more drought tolerant can lead to more nutritious and drought-tolerant crops (pp. 69). increases
- - - - Irrigation- around half of accessible fresh water is appropriated, primarily for crop irrigation (pp. 64).
        
        unsustainable use
        
        Many of the most important food producing regions are using water from deep aquifers faster than it can be replenished (pp. 65).
        
        solution
        
        The practice of drip irrigation decreases water use by over 50% while nearly doubling crop yields (pp. 69).
- - - - Reduced species populations
        
        can lead to
        
        Extinction of a species
        
        Pollinators are at risk. Reduced pollinator numbers can result in lower crop yields, reduced access to critical micronutrients, and possibly extinction of pollinator or plant (pp. 65-69).
    - - Multi-crop agricultural methods
      - Biodiverse aquaculture systems are more productive than single-species systems, consume agricultural waste, and produce fertilizers that increase crop yield (pp. 70). reduces need for synthetic fertilizers
- - - - Changes in quality of air, water, and soil affect food production and reduces food quality (pp. 66).
      - Industrial-scale use of agrochemicals alter nutrient cycles, contaminates groundwater, contributes to air pollution, and can cause direct toxicity (pp. 64). further reduces freshwater resources driver