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ITM LEC 7 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - New government laws and regulations
      - Technological developments
      - Changing consumer needs andwants
      - Economic changes
    - - Changing workforce composition
      - New organizational strategy
      - New equipment and technology
      - Employee attitudes
  - - - Changing – Implement newways
      - Refreezing – Make changes permanent
      - Unfreezing – Prepare forchange
    - - Unstable and unpredictable environment
      - Continuous change andadaptation
  - - - Habit – Preference for familiar routines
      - Fear of loss – Money, status, power or security
      - Uncertainty – Fear of the unknown
      - Belief that change conflicts with organizational goals
    - - Participation – Involve employees
      - Facilitation and Support –Provide help and training
      - Education and Communication– Explain the change
      - Negotiation – Offer benefits or compensation
      - Manipulation and Co-optation– Influence or involve key people
      - Coercion – Use direct force orthreats
  - - - Change in leadership
      - A weak organizational culture
      - A dramatic crisis
    - - Ethical culture
      - Empowerment and quality
      - Global culture
      - Mergers and acquisitions
- - - - Ceremonies and rites – Formal events
      - Stories – Stories about the organization
      - Personal enactment –Employee behavior
      - Rituals – Repeated activities
  - - - Motivates and controls employees
      - Risk: may resist change andbecome a liability
      - Aligns employee goals with organizational goals
    - - Consider industry and business strategy
      - Consider competition, customers and society
      - Culture must fit the organization's environment
    - - Leaders support organizational change
      - Focuses on changing customer needs
      - Encourages confidence and risk-taking
      - Considers stockholders,customers and employees
      - Supports better long-termperformance