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Unit 2 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2
David Lloyd George
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1915 DLG pushed through the Munitions of War Act, which gave the government the power to take over control of factories responsible for armaments and other work.
The two key industries the gov took over were the railways and the coal industry (making the country nationally efficient)
Part of the act was the Treasury Agreement with the Trade Unions. They agreed not to strike but to seek order in a civil way to settle disputes. Employers were not allowed to lock out workers
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Causes of World War One
Militarism- prioritising a strong military. Alliances- groups of countries come together to protect each other. Imperialism- having, growing or protecting your empire. Nationalism- a growing sense in your country that you as a county needs to protect themselves.
Triple Alliance 1882- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy
The Triple Entente 1907- France, Britain, Russia
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There was a belief that war was good as it showed glory and strength and was good for a nation. The public wanted to stay the most important country.
Every time Germany took another country, the British pushed their borders
Total war- a type of modern warfare where not just the soldiers were targeted, but the public was targeted as well. War of attrition- ammunition/ industry, soldiers, food/ resources and money
DORA- The Defence of the Realm Act, August 1914.
Gave the gov power over arms factories, control of the press, control of information, civil liberties etc
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Rationing
Restrictions introduced by DORA failed so the gov tried to introduce voluntary rationing where families limited themselves to what they're eating. But it failed
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Any area that could grow food was converted. In 1917, the gov took over 2.5 million acres of land for farming. By the end of the war, Britain had over 3 million acres of farmland.
Due to men being called for the army, farm work was done by the Women's Land Army, conscientious objectors and Prisoners of war
Rationing was introduced in 1917 on tea, cheese, bacon, butter, margarine and fresh meat.
The Impact- helped the poor as they had equal access to food, no one starved during the war, it helped with malnutrition problems, rise in the black market use, rise in farming and women in working jobs, people became more self-reliant as they kept animals and grew their own food.
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Coal Industry
This industry was taken over by the government, they invested lots of money into the industry in improving the mines.
Significant advances were made in engineering and scientific research, and production techniques were improved.
The impact- the owners of the companies didn't get any profit, the industry became more organised and efficient, more work for women due to conscription
Munitions factories
Production was more important than safety. Factories worked round the clock to make sure the soldiers were well supplied with ammunition.
The worst incident was in Silverton in London, 19th January 1917 the munitions factory exploded and 69 people were killed, 400+ injured
The impact- helped contribute to the war effort, unfair treatment as people were working all the time to keep up with demand, no safety measures put in place, it was thought that women were replaceable.
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