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The Build-Up of Tension in Palestine (1917-1946) - Coggle Diagram
The Build-Up of Tension in Palestine (1917-1946)
Pre-1917 Claims and Zionism
Arab Claims
Majority population under Ottoman rule
Wanted independence
Lived in Palestine since 7th century
Jewish Claims
Escaped persecution in Europe
Theodor Herzl founded Zionism (1896, 1st Congress) stating Jews deserved their own homeland due to persecution
Lived in Palestine for centuries before Roman expulsion (AD 70 / AD 135)
75 000 Jews vs 650 000 Arabs by 1914
Conflicting WWI Promises (1915-1917)
1916 Skyes-Picot
Secret UK-France deal to divide Ottoman land between them
1917 Balfour Declaration
UK promised a 'Jewish national home' in Palestine
1915 McMahon-Hussein Letters
UK promised Arab independence in exchange for rebelling against the Ottoman Turks
British Mandate and Immigration (1920s)
Jewish National Fund (1901) bough land → Arab tenant farmers evicted
1921 Jaffa Riots
Arab crowd attacked Jewish immigrants following immigration surges
UK (Churchill) suspended immigration, then limited it
League of Nations gave mandate to UK in 1920
1929 Jerusalem Riots
Triggered by fears that Jews intended to take over holy places
133 Jews and 115 Arabs killed
1929 Shaw Report
Concluded that the unrest was caused by Arab fear of losing their country and land, and immigration concerns
Escalation and Unrest (1930s)
Arab General Strike (1936) and Arab Revolt (1936-39)
Guerrilla warfare
Crushed by UK and Haganah
Arab Higher Committee strike
1937 Peel Commision
Dividing Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state
First partition proposal
Rejected by Arabs
Plan eventually scrapped
1933 Hitler's Rise
Huge influx of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Europe
1939 White Paper
UK capped Jewish immigration at 10 000 per year for 5 years
Welcomed by Arabs
Rejected by Jews
Restricted land sales
Scrapped partition due to approaching WWI and Arab pressure