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Mitochondria vs Chloroplasts - Coggle Diagram
Mitochondria vs Chloroplasts
Similarities
Membrane
Double membrane structure
Outer and inner membrane
Genetic material (DNA)
Naked
Circular
Protein synthesis
70S ribosomes for producing own proteins
Core role
Acting as energy converting orgaelles in cells
Autonomous replication
both reproduce independently inside the cell via binary fission like cell division
Semi autonomous nature
Both rely on nuclear DNA of the host cell to synthesize all of their required proteins
Both provide evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria
Primary function
Cellular respiration
Produces ATP from food/glucose
Occurrence
Dound in almost all eukaryotic cells
Available in eg plants, animals, fungi etc...
Internal structures
Cristae
Infolding of the inner membrane to increase surface area for ATP synthesis
Matrix
Internal fluid containing enzymes for the Krebs cycle
Input and output
Consumes oxygen and glucose
Produces carbon dioxide, water and ATP
Energy yield/efficiency
Produces approximately 30-32 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
Stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
occurs in cytoplasm
feeds into mitochondria after occurring in cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Occurring in matrix
Oxidative Phosphorylation/Electron Transport Chain
occurs across cristae
Origin
endosymbiotic theory
Chloroplasts
Primary function
Photosynthesis: converts light energy into chemical energy/glucose
Occurrence
Only found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells
Found in eg. plants and algae
Internal structures
Thylakoids
Disc like membranes containing pigments
Site of light absorption, H^+ ions
Site of ATP production
Grana
Stacks of thylakoids
Offer a large surface area for light absorption
Stroma
Fluid filled interior
site of the Calvin Cycle
Starch grains
Storage molecules for synthesized carbohydrates
Inputs and outputs
Consumes light, carbon dioxide and water
produces glucose and oxygen
Stages of photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions
takes place in thylakoids
splits water, releases oxygen and generates ATP and NADPH
Light independent reactions
takes place in stroma
Fixes carbon dioxide into glucose
Pigment types
Chlorophyll a and b
Absorbs blue/red light, reflects green
Accessory pigments
Carotenoids, xanthophylls