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Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System
Endocrine Organs
Anterior Pituitary
Releases: Growth Hormone (GH)
Target: Bones and muscles
Effect: Stimulates growth
Releases: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target: Thyroid gland
Effect: Stimulates T3 and T4 release
Releases: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Target: Adrenal cortex
Effect: Stimulates cortisol release
Releases: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Female target: Ovaries
Effect: Stimulates follicle/egg development and estrogen secretion
Male target: Testes
Effect: Stimulates sperm production
Releases: Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Female target: Ovaries
Effect: Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum hormone secretion
Male target: Testes
Effect: Stimulates testosterone production
Releases: Prolactin (PRL)
Target: Mammary glands
Effect: Stimulates milk production
Posterior Pituitary
Releases: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Target: Kidneys
Effect: Increases water reabsorption; reduces urine output
Releases: Oxytocin
Female target: Uterus and mammary glands
Effect: Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection
Male target: Brain
Effect: Supports bonding with mate
Thyroid Gland
Releases: Triiodothyronine (T3)
Target: Most body cells
Effect: Increases metabolic activity
Releases: Thyroxine (T4)
Target: Most body cells
Effect: Increases metabolic activity
Releases: Calcitonin
Target: Bones
Effect: Lowers blood calcium
Parathyroid Glands
Releases: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Target: Bones, kidneys, and indirectly intestines
Effect: Raises blood calcium
Adrenal Cortex
Releases: Aldosterone
Target: Kidneys
Effect: Increases sodium and water reabsorption; increases potassium excretion
Releases: Cortisol
Target: Most body cells
Effect: Raises blood glucose; helps body respond to stress
Releases: Adrenal Androgens
Target: Reproductive tissues and other body tissues
Effect: Contribute to libido and secondary sex characteristics
Adrenal Medulla
Releases: Epinephrine
Target: Heart, lungs, liver, and other tissues
Effect: Fight-or-flight response
Releases: Norepinephrine
Target: Heart and blood vessels
Effect: Increases alertness and blood pressure
Pineal Gland
Releases: Melatonin
Target: Brain
Effect: Helps regulate sleep-wake cycle
Organs with Endocrine Cells
Hypothalamus
Releases: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Stimulates TSH release
Releases: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Stimulates ACTH release
Releases: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Stimulates FSH and LH release
Releases: Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Stimulates GH release
Releases: Somatostatin (GHIH)
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Inhibits GH release
Releases: Dopamine (PIH)
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Inhibits prolactin release
Produces: ADH
Target: Posterior pituitary
Effect: Stored and released by posterior pituitary; promotes kidney water reabsorption
Produces: Oxytocin
Target: Posterior pituitary
Effect: Stored and released by posterior pituitary; stimulates contractions and milk ejection
Kidney
Releases: Erythropoietin (EPO)
Target: Red bone marrow
Effect: Stimulates red blood cell production
Releases: Renin
Target: Blood pressure regulation system (RAAS)
Effect: Helps raise blood pressure
Produces: Calcitriol
Target: Intestines
Effect: Increases calcium absorption
Heart
Releases: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Target: Kidneys and blood vessels
Effect: Increases sodium/water loss; lowers blood pressure
Releases: B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Target: Kidneys and blood vessels
Effect: Increases sodium/water loss; lowers blood pressure
Pancreas
Releases: Insulin
Target: Liver, skeletal muscles, and fat cells
Effect: Lowers blood glucose
Releases: Glucagon
Target: Liver
Effect: Raises blood glucose
Releases: Somatostatin
Target: Pancreas and digestive tract
Effect: Inhibits insulin, glucagon, and digestive activity
Releases: Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)
Target: Pancreas and digestive tract
Effect: Helps regulate pancreatic secretions and digestion
Thymus
Releases: Thymosin
Target: T lymphocytes (T cells)
Effect: Promotes T-cell development and maturation
GI Tract
Releases: Gastrin
Target: Stomach
Effect: Increases gastric acid secretion
Releases: Secretin
Target: Pancreas
Effect: Stimulates bicarbonate secretion
Releases: Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Target: Pancreas and gallbladder
Effect: Stimulates digestive enzyme release and gallbladder contraction
Releases: Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)
Target: Pancreas
Effect: Stimulates insulin release after eating
Releases: Ghrelin
Target: Brain (hypothalamus)
Effect: Stimulates hunger
Gonads
Testes (Male)
Releases: Testosterone
Target: Reproductive organs and many body tissues
Effect: Supports sperm production and male secondary sex characteristics
Releases: Inhibin
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Inhibits FSH release
Ovaries (Female)
Releases: Estrogen
Target: Uterus, breasts, bones, and other body tissues
Effect: Supports female secondary sex characteristics; regulates menstrual cycle
Releases: Progesterone
Target: Uterus and mammary glands
Effect: Maintains uterine lining; supports pregnancy
Releases: Inhibin
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Inhibits FSH release