Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ENGR 202 - LECTURE 2 ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION - Coggle Diagram
ENGR 202 - LECTURE 2
ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Human health
Impact on human health can range from severe illness/death to smaller things like reduced lung capacity
Acute:
When pollutant causes an immediate response from the body (ex. inhaling CO => instant dizziness)
Chronic:
Long term exposure to pollutants cause long term effects
Carcinogenic:
Pollutants like carcinogens fucking modify cells?? which can lead to cancer
Human Welfare
Effect on pollutants on plants, animals and materials
Aesthetic qualities like having clear skies (ie skies not covered in smog or smth)
Being able to enjoy recreational activities like swimming in clean lakes
Effects of human activity on ecosystems, biodiversity & natural ressources
Pollution
Unwanted/harmful substances introduced into the environment to the point where it hinders human health, ecosystems and/or wildlife
Can be classified by where: air, soil, water pollution
Can be classified by content: particular matter, organic compound, inorganic salts/metals
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) & Persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)
Toxins
Allergens: Response when not necessary using the immune syste
Depressants: Suppresses the immune system instead of activating it, making u more vulnerable to infections
Mutagens: Damage genetic material/DNA in cells
Carcinogens: Increase risk of cancer by mutating cells
Teratogens: Abnormality in developing embryos
Neurotoxins: Attack nerve cells => cause perma damage
Goes from
source
(tends 2 be humans) to
sink
(like lakes/atmosphere)
Transport
is how the pollutants move (like air/water/food chain)
Fate
is what happens to a pollutant over time (transformation, degradation...)
Biomagnification:
How substances move through the the food chain and become more concentrated (big fish eating small fish thats been eating mercury filled water)
Bioaccumulation:
The cells way of storing and accumulating material it needs (this material can also be harmful)
AIR POLLUTION
big bad cus air is everywhere
There are 6 major air pollutants identified:
Particulate matter (PM)
Also called aerosol/airborne particles
Defined
by their size and what theyre made out of
Can be
liquid
(mist, fog, smog),
solid
(dust, fumes, smoke),
solid surrounded by liquid
(bioaerosols)
About size: According to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
PM10/Inhalable coarse particles: particles <= 10 μm
PM2.5/fine particles: particles <= 2.5 μm
The smaller the worst cus it can stay for longer and enter easily
["coarse" / "fine"], ["ultrafine": "visible" / "invisible"], ["macroscopic" / "microscopic" / "submicroscopic"]
Also defined by if theyre
inhalable or respirable
for the human respiratory system
Natural sources
Soil/rock debris
Sea salt
Volcanic debris
Particles from gaseous emissions of H2S,NH3,NOx & hydrocarbons
Anthropogenic source
Fuel combustion/industrial processes
Agricultural operations and constructions
Transportation
Consequences
are mostly based in the respiratory system:
Decreased lung function
Respiratory symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath
Cardiovascular disease
Common examples of PM:
Soot: made of black carbon which fucks with ur health and fucks with the environment
Asbestos: can embed in ur lungs and cause cancer
Silica: can embed in ur lungs and
Sulfur oxide (SOx)
Mainly SO2 & SO3, SO3 is found in the env more
Mainly produced by fossil fuel like oil and coal and its combustion
Also hurts plants and animals
Consequences
mostly in the health department:
Eye irritation
Lung damage
Waterlogging of lung tissues
SO2 can get oxidized to make SO3 which reacts with water vapor/rainwater to make sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
H2SO4 & nitric acid (HNO3) are components of
acid rain
, which damages buildings, trees and fucks with the ecosystem of lakes and rivers
Ground Level Ozone (O3)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO)
Lead (Pb)
Carbone Dioxyde (CO)
Odorless, colorless & tasteless gax with a short lifespan
Anthropogenic CO is produced mainly by
Classified as either:
Primary Pollutants:
Emitted directly from a source
Secondary pollutant:
Forms as a byproduct of a chemical reaction between primary pollutants and components of the air