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Moral Philosophy - Kantian Deontology - Coggle Diagram
Moral Philosophy - Kantian Deontology
Kantian ethics is a duty-based moral theory stating that what makes an action right or wrong is not its consequences but whether is follows a moral law. This is called a deontology (from the Greek word for duty).
Categorical vs Hypothetical Imperative
Hypothetical Imperative: Rules that depend on a goal or desire. It tells you what you should so if you want to achieve something. For example: 'If, then'.
Categorical Imperative: Rules that apply to everyone no matter what. It tells you what you must do. E.g. 'Don't lie!'
Kant's formulations of the Categorical Imperative
Second formula: Humanity principle: "Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means."
Third formula: Kingdom of Ends: "Act in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends."
First formula: Universalizability principle: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law."
Issue 1: Clashing Duties - Axe man at the door
Reply: A case of prioritisation?
Renders categorical imperative
Issue 2: Non-moral universal laws e.g. always tie your left shoe before the right - passes formulations but seems odd, how do we differentiate between moral and non-moral laws?
Reply: A case of common sense?
Issue 3: Value of consequences, taken away the value of the outcome - odd move when dealing with morality
Reply: Moral laws are sort of consequentialist? By acting out of duty there should be good outcomes - slowly slips into utilitarianism
Issue 4: Value of love in morality
Reply: Can be integrated into second formula?
Issue 5: Not a case of categorical but hypothetical imperatives. (Foot)
Reply: Hypocrisy = Irrationality
To be rational is to look at hypothetical imperatives.
Good = Following moral law
Act out of duty not in accordance with duty. Not about reward.