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Intolerance in the 1920s USA - Coggle Diagram
Intolerance in the 1920s USA
Immigrants
Reasons
Fear of losing jobs to cheap labour
WASPs feared losing control
Isolationism: distrust of foreigners
Fear of communism after 1917
Examples of intolerance
Literacy Test 1917
Emergency Quota Act 1921
Immigration Act 1924
Asians excluded
Palmer Raids 1919-20
Sacco and Vanzetti executed 1927
Catholics and Jews targeted
Consequences
Immigration fell sharply
US stayed WASP-dominated
Protests over Sacco and Vanzetti
New ideas
Reasons
Fundamentalists defended the Bible
Small-town values felt threatened
Fear of changing morals after WWI
Political ideas
Communism seen as un-American
Led to the Red Scare
Examples of intolerance
Butler Act banned teaching evolution
Scopes Trial 1925: Scopes fined $100
Bryan (Bible) vs Darrow (science)
Flappers criticised as immoral
Women paid less, few in politics
Jazz and cinema seen as immoral
Prohibition backed by rural Protestants
Consequences
Scopes Trial split town and country
Culture war: Old vs New America
Women's lives changed mostly in cities
Black people
Reasons
Belief in white superiority
Jim Crow traditions in the South
Job and housing competition
Examples of intolerance
Segregated schools, transport, public places
Voting blocked by literacy tests
Ku Klux Klan: about 4-5 million members
Klan used hoods, beatings, lynchings
Lynchings often unpunished
Chicago race riot 1919
Consequences
Great Migration to northern cities
Northern prejudice: low pay, segregation
Klan declined after Stephenson's 1925 conviction
How they fought back
NAACP (co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois)
Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
Harlem Renaissance
Native Americans
Reasons
Government wanted assimilation
Seen as obstacles to settlement
Examples of intolerance
Poor reservations
Boarding schools banned culture
Ceremonies discouraged
How life improved
Indian Citizenship Act 1924
Meriam Report 1928
Consequences
Discrimination and poverty continued
Some states blocked Native voting