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Intolerance in the 1920s USABlack people - Coggle Diagram
Intolerance in the 1920s USABlack people
Immigrants
Reasons
Fear that immigrants took jobs and lowered wages
WASPs (white Anglo-Saxon Protestants) feared losing control
Isolationism after WWI: distrust of foreigners
Fear of communism after the Russian Revolution (1917)
Examples of intolerance
Immigration laws
1917 Literacy Test
Emergency Quota Act 1921: 3% of each nationality (1910 census)
Immigration Act 1924: 2% of each nationality (1890 census)
Favoured Northern and Western Europe; Asians excluded
First Red Scare 1919-20
A. Mitchell Palmer led the Palmer Raids
J. Edgar Hoover helped run the raids
Thousands arrested, hundreds deported
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian anarchists arrested 1920
Convicted of murder 1921 on weak evidence
Executed 1927; prejudice suspected
Religious intolerance
Catholics and Jews targeted, e.g. by the Ku Klux Klan
Jews faced bias in jobs and universities
Consequences
Immigration fell sharply
US stayed dominated by WASPs
Sacco and Vanzetti case sparked protests worldwide
New ideas
Reasons
Fundamentalist Christians defended the Bible
Small-town values felt threatened by city life
Older generation feared changing morals after WWI
Political ideas
Communism and anarchism seen as un-American
Led to the Red Scare and Palmer Raids
Evolution: the Scopes 'Monkey' Trial 1925
Butler Act (Tennessee) banned teaching evolution
John Scopes taught evolution and was fined $100
William Jennings Bryan (Bible) vs Clarence Darrow (science)
ACLU (founded 1920) backed Scopes
Women's rights
19th Amendment 1920: women win the vote
Flappers criticised as immoral
Women still paid less; few in politics
Modern culture
Jazz and cinema seen as immoral by traditionalists
Prohibition (Volstead Act 1920): backed by rural Protestants
Speakeasies and gangsters such as Al Capone; repealed 1933
Consequences
Scopes Trial split rural and urban America
'Old America' vs 'New America' culture war
Women's lives changed mostly in cities
Reasons
White belief in racial superiority
Jim Crow traditions in the South
Conseque