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Chapter 3 Matter --- Properties and Changes - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3 Matter --- Properties and Changes
Properties of Matter
Substances
Matter is everything that has mass and takes up space everything is matter.all matter has a unique and unchanging chemical composition. Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition is called a substance.
States of Matter
Liquids
Liquid is a form of Matter that doesn't have a definite shape but has a definite volume. Particles are less closely packed than particles in a solid.
Solids
Form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. Particles of matter in a solid are tightly packed and when heated it slightly expands.
Gasses
Gas is a form of Matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container. It doesn't have a definite shape or form.
Physical Properties of Matter
Extensive and Intensive properties
A physical Properties is a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition. Extensive properties are properties that can be measured based on the size of the sample, Intensive properties are properties that are the same no matter the size.
Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties is when the chemical composition of a substance changes,
Observing Properties of Matter
Properties and states of matter
Every substance has its own unique set of physical and chemical Properties but it might vary depending on the conditions under which they are observed
Changes in matter
Physical changes
Phase change
A phase change is when a substance transitions from 1 state of matter to another
The Water Cycle
At 0 Celsius water is frozen at 32 Celsius water is liquid and at 100 Celsius water is gas
Chemical changes
Evidence of a chemical reaction
chemical reactions are when the new substances formed in the reacrtion have different compositions and different properties from the substances present before the reaction occurred. A chemical reaction always produces a change in properties
Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction it is conserved. French scientist Antoine Lavoisier was one of the first to use an analytical balance to monitor chemical reactions
Mixtures of Matter
Mixtures
Types of Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substancesThere are 2 main types of mixtures a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture. A homogeneous mixture that has a constant composition all the way throughout it. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that isn't the same all the way through
Separating Mixtures
Filtration
Filtration uses a porous boundaries to separate solids from liquies
Chrystallization
Crystallization results when the dissolved substance collects as crystals while the other part gets turned to gas
Distillation
distillation uses boiling points to separate homogeneous mixtures by turning 1 to gas before the other one
Sublimation
Sublimation is the process where a solid changes to vapor without melting it can be used to separate two solids when 1 solid sublimates before the other one.
Chromatography
Chromatography is where the components of a mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid based on the ability of each component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.
Elements and Compounds
Elements
Compounds
Law of definite proportions