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Types of Guidance & Feedback - Coggle Diagram
Types of Guidance & Feedback
Guidance
Definition
Information provided to help learning and improve performance
Visual Guidance
Demonstrations
Videos
Pictures
Advantages
Good for beginners
Creates mental image of skill
Easy to understand
Disadvantages
Difficult for complex skills
Mistakes may be copied
Examples
Coach demonstration
Video replay
Verbal Guidance
Spoken instructions
Advantages
Quick and easy
Useful for experienced performers
Can be given during performance
Disadvantages
Difficult for beginners
Long explanations may confuse performers
Examples
Coach instructions
Manual Guidance
Coach physically supports performer
Advantages
Builds confidence
Useful for dangerous skills
Provides physical feel of movement
Disadvantages
Performer may become dependent
Difficult with large groups
Examples
Supporting a gymnast's handstand
Mechanical Guidance
Equipment provides support
Advantages
Safe
Builds confidence
Helps beginners learn movement patterns
Disadvantages
Expensive
Performer may become dependent on equipment
Examples
Trampoline harness
Swimming float
Feedback
Definition
Information received about performance
Intrinsic Feedback
Comes from the performer
Internal feelings and sensations
Examples
Feeling off balance
Feeling clean contact with the ball
Best For
Elite performers
Advantages
Immediate
Always available
Develops independence
Disadvantages
Can be inaccurate
Difficult for beginners
Depends on experience
Extrinsic Feedback
Comes from an external source
Examples
Coach
Teacher
Video analysis
Teammates
Best For
Beginners
Advantages
More accurate
Expert advice available
Helps identify mistakes
Disadvantages
May not be immediate
Can create dependence
May not always be available
Knowledge of Results (KR)
Information about the outcome
Examples
Distance jumped
Goals scored
Race time
Best For
Beginners
Advantages
Easy to understand
Measures success
Knowledge of Performance (KP)
Information about how the skill was performed
Examples
Technique analysis
Body position feedback
Best For
Elite performers
Advantages
Improves technique
Helps long-term improvement
Positive Feedback
Highlights strengths
Reinforces successful performance
Examples
"Excellent technique"
"Great pass"
Best For
Beginners
Advantages
Builds confidence
Increases motivation
Encourages repetition of good performance
Disadvantages
May ignore weaknesses
Can lead to complacency
Less useful for correcting errors
Negative Feedback
Highlights weaknesses
Explains how to improve
Examples
"Your follow through needs improvement"
"You released the ball too early"
Best For
Elite performers
Advantages
Identifies areas for improvement
Improves technique
Helps improve performance
Disadvantages
Can lower confidence
Can reduce motivation
Can increase anxiety if overused
Choosing the Most Appropriate Feedback
Beginners
Extrinsic feedback
Positive feedback
Knowledge of Results
Elite Performers
Intrinsic feedback
Negative feedback
Knowledge of Performance