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Diabetes Mellitus - Coggle Diagram
Diabetes Mellitus
Environmental Factors
Drug Treatment
Long term drug usage can interfere with insulin production.
Examples: Glucocorticoids (Cortisone) and hormonal drugs used to control heat cycles in female animals
Gender
Risk is heavily influenced by presence of reproductive hormones
Intact female dogs are 2-3x more likely to develop diabetes in comparison to male intact dogs. Neutered male cats are more likely to develop diabetes in comparison to spayed female cats.
Physical Activty
Obestity
Increased weight predisposes animals to diabetes
The animal's body either will not produce enough natural insulin to accommodate for the quantity of food they are eating or the animal's body will not know how to properly respond to the insulin
Indoor Confinement
Age
Pancreas function decreases as an animal ages
Diet
Diets high in carbohydrates and low in protein increase risk of diabetes
Mutations
CTLA4 Polymorphisms
Dog Leucocyte Antigen hapylotypes
Largely overrepresented in breeds like the Samoyed and Australian Terrier
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHA) Genes
Variations within the canine insulin gene
Associated with increased susceptibility or resistance to clinical diabetes in a breed-specific manner