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TOPIC 1: Intro to Materials, Processing -> Structure -> Properties …
TOPIC 1: Intro to Materials
CLASSIFICATION
METALS
crystalline, alloys
good conductors (free e-)
strong, ductile, dense
CERAMICS
oxides/nitrides/carbides
BRITTLE, poor conductor
POLYMERS
organic: C, H chains
low density, flexible
poor conductor
COMPOSITES
matrix + reinforcement
best of both (light + strong)
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Semiconductor (conductivity sensitive to impurities)
Biomaterials (implants, non-toxic)
Smart (sense + respond)
shape memory alloys
piezoelectric ceramics
Nano (<100 nm)
CNT, drug delivery
EXAMPLES
Titanic: carbon steel brittle at -2 C
Foldable glass: thin + tempered, still brittle
Ti phone: strong as steel, 50% lighter
Implants: Ti vs ceramic vs polymer
Heat sink: Cu 400, Al 235 W/mK
Aircraft: A350 ~53% composites
SUSTAINABILITY
E-waste: dismantle -> sort -> shred -> mill
bio-based car parts, PLA
WHAT? (Materials)
substances things are made from
civilization tied to materials
Eng. materials = technical products w/ desired properties
HISTORY
Stone Age (stone, wood, clay)
Bronze/Iron Age (melting, alloys)
Industrial Rev. (steel, steam)
Silicon Age (electric)
Designed (composites, coatings)
Nano & Smart (IR 4.0?)
PSPP (4 components)
Processing -> Structure -> Properties -> Performance
Processing = procedures to make something (e.g. steel)
Structure = internal arrangement
subatomic
atomic
microscopic
macroscopic
Properties = response to stimulus
mechanical, electrical, thermal
magnetic, optical, deteriorative
Performance = how good product is
Eg: Al2O3 (single crystal = clear, high pores = opaque)