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Skeletal System Greidys Peraza Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System Greidys Peraza Period 1
All Bones
Axial
Skull/Cranial
Maxilla: anterior side /face
Mandible: Jaw / anterior Side /face
Temporal Bone: sides of head
Frontal: forehead
Parietal: Superior / top of the head
NasaI: superior portion of nose
Zygomatic: cheek bones
Sphenoid: sides and inner eyes
Spine/vertabraes
Cervical Vertebrae: consists of 7 irregular bones
and closest to the cranial (superior)
Thoracic Vertebrae: consists of 12 irregular bones
and closest to the rib cage
Lumbar Vertebrae: consists of 5 irregular bones
and are the closest to the pelvic(inferior)
Rib Cage
True Ribs: Top 7 ribs
False Ribs: last 3 ribs attached to cage
Sternum: manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Appendicular
Scapula: (wing) allow movement for upper limbs
clavicle:
Humerus: "hana" funny bone
Ulna: C/U Shaped epiphysis, side of pinky
Radius: circle flat end epiphysis (1), side of thumb
Carpals: many bones that make up the wrist
Metacarpals: between carpals and phalanges
phalanges: most distal in limbs
Femur: "thigh" bone
Tibia: closer to midline
Fibula: skinny, more lateral
Tarsals: calcaneus, talus,+ other bones
Metatarsals
coxal: illium, ishium,pubic
Sacrum: COCCYX
Long bone
Epiphyseal: ends of the long bone
Articular cartilage surrounds it
Compact bone is in the external
spongy bone is internally, contains red bone
marrow to produce blood cells
Epiphyseal line /plate: where bone growth occurs
Diaphysis:tubular shaft, forms long axis of bone
compact bone surrounds central medullar cavity:
filled with yellow marrow (in adults)
Male and female differences of pelvice gridle
Female have a wider pubic angle than male
Female's public inlet is also wider as
well as the pelvic outlet. And on the
other hand male is more narrow
The coccyx of a male is more inward and immovable, the female has flexible and straight coccyx
Disorders/diseases
Osteomalacia: bones are poorly mineralized, resulting to soft weak bones. Osteoids are produced but calcium salts adequately deposited.
Osteoporosis: a disease where the bone resportion exceeds deposits, the matrix's remains normal of spine and neck of femour most susceptible. most common in hip and vertabral
Pagents disease: bones not being organized well. Excessive and haphazard bone deposits and resportion causes bone to grow fast and develop poorly. high ration of spongy bone and reduced mineralization.
Bone Remodeling
Bone Deposit: new bone matrix is deposited by Osteoblasts
Osteoclast sfunction: engulf demineralized matrixand dead OSteocytes
occur at surfaces Of periosteum and endosteum
l.Hematoma Formation: torn blood vessels
hemorrhage, it is swollen, painful, inflamed
Bone fracture repair
compression: bone crushed
spiral: ragg break excessive twist
green stick: incomplete break
depressed: pressed in wards
Non displaced: ends at normaI position
displaced: ends out of normal
complete: broken all the way
-incomplete: not broken all the way
-open compound: skin penetrated
closed (Simple): skin not penetrated
repair stages
l.Hematoma Formation: torn blood vessels
hemorrhage, it is swollen, painful, inflamed
Fibro cartilaginous Formation: mass of repair tissue new blood vessels are formed / capillaries grow in
hematoma
Bony Callus Formation: whin I week new trabeculare appear in call us
4.Bone Remodeling. Begins in stage 3 and continues for many months,
final structure = original Structure
Joints (and examples of each type)
Sutures: Rigid, interlocking joints
.
Example: Skull sutures
Syndesmoses: Bones connected by ligaments Examples: Inferior tibiofibular joint and the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna
Synovial Joints
Plane Joints: Flat surfaces that glide.Examples: Intercarpal, intertarsal, and intervertebral articular joints
Hinge Joints: Uniaxial bending and extending
Examples: Elbow and phalanges joints
Pivot Joints: Uniaxial rotation
Examples: Proximal radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint
Condylar Joints: Biaxial oval-surface movement
Examples: Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints and wrist joints
Saddle Joints: Biaxial concave/convex fitting
Example: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Ball-and-Socket Joints: Multiaxial full movement
Examples: Shoulder and hip joints
Fibrous: 3 types
gomphoses: Peg in socket joints (in teeth only)
Cartilaginous
:
Synchondroses bar / plate of hyaline cartilage unite bones
Symphyses: fibro cartilage unite bones
synovial: diathrotic ball of socket
salldle
-hinge
pivot - condyIoid
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Gliding movements: one flat bone surface glides or slips over anothers similar surface.
Angular movement: increases or decreases angle between two bones. Movements along sagittal plane
rotational movements: Turning of bone around its one long axis, towards the midline or away from it.
Microscpic anatomy of bone tissue
Osteocytes: no longer divided mature in the lacunae
Osteoclasts: denstroys the bone cells (bone resportion)
Osteogenic cells: the stem cells in edostme and perosteum which means that they can transform, their also mitotically active
Bone lining fat cells ? on the bones surface which helps maintain Matrix
Types of Bones
short : cubed-shape, EXs: carpals,tarsals, patella
Irregular: complicated shapes, exs: vertebraes, hip bones
Long : longer than wide, limb bones,ex: femur and humerus
Flat: thin, flat, slightly curvy, exs: scapulae, sternum, ribs,and most skull bones