Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Skeletal Ozil Villicana Per.1 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Ozil Villicana Per.1
Anatomy of the long bone
Epiphysis
: The wider, expanded ends of the bone
Epiphyseal line
: line between Diaphysis and Epiphyses
Diaphysis
: The long, tubular center portion of the bone
Spongy bone:
Made up of a honeycomb of small bone
Compact Bone
: Dense outer layer of the bone
Medullary Cavity
: Open space in the Diaphysis containing yellow marrow
Types of bones
Short bones
: Cubed shaped bones. Sesamoid bones form within tendons, vary in size and number
Flat Bones:
Thin, flat, slightly curved. found in most skull bones and sternum
Long bones:
Longer than they are wide, Limb bones like the femur and humerus
Irregular bones
: Complicated shapes, if the category does not fit it are irregular. found in vertebrae and hip
Microscopic Anatomy of Bones
Osteocytes
: Mature bone cells in lacunae, act as stress or strain sensors. Communicate infor
Bone-lining cells
: Flat cells on bone surfaces believed to help maintain matrix
Osteoblast
: Bone forming cells that secrete unmineralized bone matrix (Collegen/calcium
Osteoclasts
: derived from stem cells. Multinucleated cells function in bone repair
Osteogenic cells
: Mitotically active stem cells that differentiate into osteoblast of bone-lining
Bone fracture repair
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
: Capilaries grow into hematoma, phagocytic cells clear debris. Fibroblas/cartillage/ostegenic celss begin reconstruction
Bony callus formation
: Trebeculae appear in fibrocarilaginous callus. Callus converted to spongy bone.
Hematoma Formation
: Torn blood vessels hemorrhage and forms mass of clotted blood
Bone remodeling
: Excess material is removed, final structure resembling original state
Bone remodeling
2 step
: Resorption: Osteoblasts attach to bone and secrete in order to break down the matrix
3 step
: Bone deposit: New bone matrix is deposited by the osteoblasts
1 step
: Activation; Osteocytes detect mechanical stress or micro-damage
Joints
Pivot
: Rotates in place around a singe axis, like moving the head to the sides
Condyloid
: Moves back and forth and side to side, like in the wirst
Ball and Socket
: Allows full rotation and movement in nearly any direction like in the shoulder
Saddle
: Shaped like a saddle to allow multiple directional movemnts
Hinge
: Bends and straightens in one direction like the knee
Plane
: Flat or smooth bone surfaces that slide past one another.
Synovial joints movements
Flexion
: When one decreases the Angle of the joint
Extension
: When one increases the angle of the joint.
Adduction
: Moves a limb away from the midline of the body
Abduction
: Moves a limb closer to the midline of the body.
Rotation
: Turing of bone away or towards the midline of the body
Circumduction
:A limb describes a cone in space like a circle movement.
Supination
: Palms face anteriorly
Pronation
: Palms face posteriorly
Dorsiflexion
: The bending of the foot towards the shin bone
Plantarflexion
: The bending of the foot way from the shin or towards the toes.
*Differences between male and female skeleton
Pelvis
: The female pelvis is wider and shallower compared to the male which is narrower and taller
Skull
: The female skull is smaller, smoother and rounder, while the male skull is larger, heavier and rugged
Generaly the male skeleton is bigger, denser, and heavy compared to the female skeleton