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Products and Processes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Concept
        
        Formation: Belghazdis and Hachem (2022, p. 56) explains that clays are formed by combining substances transported by rain water. As rain water sinks into the ground, it carries little invisible pieces of minerals along with it. This little pieces mix together in the water and start to change. Eventually they remain at the bottom of the rivers and turn into soft clay. According to Belghazdis and Hachem (2022, p.59) certain ions present in clay minerals has an impact on the colour of clay, the most common colours being white and green clays.
      - Big idea (Diversity)
        
        The earth consists of a variety of soils with clay being one of them. (Department of Basic Education, 2026, p.40).
      - Activity
        
        Clay colour classification: learners gather different clay samples and practice the scientific inquiry skill of classifying by sorting them into different colour categories such as white, green and brown clays before creating a clay pot.
      - Small ideas
        
        Clay is a non living, natural material made from matter (Naudé & Meier, 2025,p. 91).
    - - Key concept
        
        From clay to clay pots: - physical characteristics: clay is a type of soil that comes from ground. it is heavy and muddy when wet and hardens and crack when it is dry.
      - Activity
        
        Scientific Observation: learners notice the visible properties of the texture of clay soil, feel the sticky texture when clay is wet and the hardness when it is dry. The learners notices the differences before drying the clay and after it has dried up.
- - - - History
        
        Early communities such as the San people used paintings on rocks and clay tables to communicate through images before alphabets existed (Siegrühn, 2008, p.7). Artefacts of history gives learners insight into how people lived in the past.
    - - Learners looks at pictures of San rock art , investigate what stories are drawn and paint or carve simple symbolic pictures onto their own clay pots.
  - - - The first pots were made from ostrich egg shells, but developing moulded clay pots made it simpler for early people to store all the food they produced ( Siegrühn, 2008, p. 7).
    - - Learners compare a modern plastic container to a clay pot, comparing how modern food storage process differ from the past.
- - - - Concept
        
        A technological process involves following a series of organised steps to meet human need by transforming raw state into a finished product (Naudé & Meier, 2025, p. 149). this process involves taking a raw material (clay) through sequential steps of preparation such as shaping and sun-drying to transform it into a functional product (clay pot). At the design stage, clay crafts needs more consideration of thickness because it will affect the final size after shrinkage and the risk of breaking during the drying process (Amber & Purwasito, 2022).
      - Activity
        
        Learners shape a small clay pot. They leave it on the classroom windowsill to undergo the sun-drying process. once dry, they drop a small stone in it ti evaluate if the pot is dry and rigid enough to be used as a container.
        
        Technological skill applied
        
        Making a product following steps and evaluating its structural fitness.
  - - - Designing technological products involves selecting safe tools and shaping materials according to their properties such as stiffness and hardness to ensure the final product is strong and stable (Naudé & Meier, 2025, pp. 152-153). When working with clay, suitable joining methods should be used to keep the different parts firmly connected and prevent them from separating.
    - - The product: learners use safe plastic knives to cut a base and handles. the try and join them directly and wait for them to dry. Thereafter they gently pull pieces to test how strong and secure the joints are.