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CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) - Coggle Diagram
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
Pathophysiology
Plaque buildup in coronary artries
Narrowed arterial lumen
Reduced blood flow
Decreased oxygen to myocardium
Cardiac ischemia
Possible myocardial infarction
Signs
Evidence of ischemia on ECG
Possible arrhythmias
Elevated blood pressure
Abnormal stress-test results
ECG changes
Etiology
Atherosclerosis
Age over 40
Fatty plaque deposits
Genetic predisposition
Obesity; inactivity; stress
Smoking; high cholestrol
Hypertension and diabetes
Diagnosis
Cardiac catheterization / angiography
Cardiac CT or perfusion scan
Stress echocardiogram
Treadmill stress test
Patient history and physical exam
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Symptoms
Shortness of breath
Burning, squeezing discomfort
Pain radiating to arm, neck, or jaw
Nausea or vomitting
Weakness
Angina / chest pain
Treatment
Angioplasty
Vasodilators and beta-blockers
Anticoagulants when indicated
Coronary artery bypass surgery
Heart-healthy diet and exercise
Medication therapy
Stop smoking; manage risk factors
Prognosis
Risk of myocardial infarction
Possible arrhythmias or sudden death
Improves with treatment adherence
Risk-factor control improves outlook
Depends on severity of blockage