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ENGLISH GRAMMAR - Coggle Diagram
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Present Simple with the Verb TO BE
It is used to describe identities, states, characteristics, feelings, and present situations.
Affirmative structure:
Subject + am/is/are + complement
Negative and interrogative forms:
Subject + am/is/are + not + complement
Am/Is/Are + subject + complement?
Example:
I am a student.
Past Simple with the Verb TO BE
It describes states, conditions, characteristics, and situations that existed in the past.
Structure:
I/He/She/It + was
You/We/They + were
Negative and interrogative forms:
Subject + was/were + not
Was/Were + subject + complement?
Example:
They were happy yesterday.
Present Simple with Irregular Verbs
It is used to talk about habits and regular actions with verbs that have particular changes in the third-person singular.
Key verbs:
Be → am/is/are; have → has; go → goes; do → does.
Questions and negatives:
Does + subject + base verb?
Subject + don't/doesn't + base verb
Example:
He goes to school.
It also includes idiomatic expressions such as “hit the hay,” which means to go to bed.
Past Simple with Irregular Verbs
It is used to narrate completed past actions with verbs that do not follow the general rule of adding -ed
Key verbs:
Go → went; eat → ate; see → saw; have → had; take → took.
Questions and negatives:
Did + subject + base verb?
Subject + didn't + base verb
Example:
We went to the beach.
Present Simple with Regular Verbs
It expresses habits, routines, frequent activities, and general facts using regular verbs.
Rules:
I/You/We/They + base verb
He/She/It + verb-s/-es; consonant + y changes to -ies.
Questions and negatives:
Do/Does + subject + base verb?
Subject + don't/doesn't + base verb
Example:
She studies every day.
Past Simple with Regular Verbs
It expresses completed past actions using verbs that generally form the past tense by adding -ed or -d.
Rules:
Walk → walked; love → loved; stop → stopped.
Questions and negatives:
Did + subject + base verb?
Subject + didn't + base verb
Example:
I watched a movie yesterday.
Time expressions: yesterday, last week, two days ago.