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Products and Processes - Coggle Diagram
Products and Processes
Natural Sciences
Plants and What We Get from Them
Key Concept
: Plants provide raw materials that can be processed into useful products. Sugar is produced from the plant sugar cane and is extracted from the plant through processing at a sugar mill. (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57; South African Sugar Association, n.d.; Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, n.d.).
Inquiry-based Activity
: Learners observe and compare sugar cane and sugar crystals, describe their observations, and ask questions about how the raw material is transformed into the finished products (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57)
Skills and Values
:
Skills - Observing, comparing, describing, and asking questions
Values - Curiosity, cooperation and safe handling of materials.
CAPS Connection:
Plants - What we get from plants; process from sugar cane to sugar (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57).
The Earth and What We Get from It
Key Concept:
Clay obtained from the earth can be shaped, dried and fired to make bricks. This process transforms a natural material into a useful product (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57; Clay Brick Association of Southern Africa).
Inquiry-based Activity
: Learners observe clay or soil and a finished brick. They compare texture, shape and hardness, ask questions about the differences, and investigate how clay is transformed into bricks.
Skills and Values
:
Skills - Observing, comparing, classifying and communicating
Values - Curiosity, cooperation and responsible use of natural resources.
CAPS Connection:
The earth - What we get from the earth; process from clay to brick (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57).
Social Sciences
Products and Community Needs
Key Concept:
Communities use different products to meet their needs. Sugar is used in food preparation, while bricks are used in building houses and other structures (South African Sugar Association, n.d.; Clay Brick Association of Southern Africa, 2016).
Inquiry-based Activity
: Learners observe pictures of homes, buildings and food products. They identify where bricks and sugar are used and discuss why these products are useful to people in their community.
Community Connection:
Natural resources are transformed into products that people use in their daily lives.
Skills and Values
:
Skills - Observing, identifying, comparing, explaining and communicating.
Values - Appreciation of community needs, respect for others and responsible use of resources.
People and Occupations Involved in Production
Key Concept
: Producing and distributing of goods involves people performing different jobs. sugar production involves sugar cane growers and mill workers, while brick production involves people who extract materials, manufacture bricks and transport products (South African Sugar Association, n.d.; Clay Brick Association of Southern Africa, 2016)
Inquiry-based activity
: Learners examine pictures of cane farmers, factory workers, brickmakers and builders. They identify the different occupations and explain how each person contributes to producing or using the final product.
Skills and Values
:
Skills - Observing, identifying occupations, comparing and communicating
Values - Respect for workers, cooperation and appreciation for different occupations
Community Connection
: people with different skills work together to produce and supply goods that others need.
Technology
Processes Used to Make Products
Key Concept
: manufacturing involves transforming raw materials into useful products through a sequence of steps. Sugar production and brickmaking are examples of processes that change materials into finished products (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57; South Africa Sugar Association, n.d.; Clay Brick Association of Southern Africa, 2016
Inquiry-based activity
: Learners receive picture cards showing stages in sugar production or brickmaking. They arrange the pictures in the correct order and explain how the raw materials change at each stage.
Skills and Values
:
Skills - Investigating, sequencing, explaining and communicating
Values - Cooperation, patience and persistence
CAPS Connection
: Products and processes - From sugar cane to sugar and from clay to brick (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57).
Designing and Making Products
Key Concept
: People use materials, tools and practical processes to make products for particular purposes. The properties of materials influence how they can be shaped and used (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57; Clay Brick Association of Southern Africa, 2016).
Inquiry-based Activity
: Learner's design and construct a small model wall using building blocks or recycled cardboard. They test its stability, identify weaknesses and improve their design.
Skills and Values
:
Skills - Designing, making, testing, evaluating and communicating
Values - Creativity, perseverance, cooperation and responsible use of materials
CAPS Connection
: Investigating materials and understanding how processes transform materials into useful products (Department of Basic Education, 2011:57).
How the Three Disciplines Connect
Natural Science + Technology
: Natural Science helps learners understand where materials come from and their properties. Technology helps them investigate how these materials are transformed into useful products.
Example
: Learners investigate sugar cane as a plant and explore how it is processed into sugar
Technology + Social Science
: Technology explores how products are made, while Social Science explores the people who produce, transport and use them.
Example
: Learners investigate brickmaking and identify the workers involved in producing and using bricks.
Natural Science + Social Science
: Natural resources provide materials that people use to produce goods for their communities.
Example
: Sugar cane is grown as a crop, processed into sugar and supplied for people to use.