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Physiology of Digestion (Oral & Salivary Phase) - Coggle Diagram
Physiology of Digestion (Oral & Salivary Phase)
Nutritional Requirements & Core Processes (Energy, Maintenance & 3 Processes)
Nutritional Purpose
Cellular Growth
Tissue Repair
Converts complex, non-assimilable macromolecules into absorbable simple monomers for energy production
Structural Synthesis
Secondary Digestive Functions
Excretion of metabolic waste/xenobiotics
Barrier protection against physical and biological pathogens
Mucosal immune surveillance (GALT)
3 Major Digestive Processes
Motility
Controlled by smooth muscle & enteric plexuses
Mastication, deglutition, peristalsis & segmentation
Absorption
Transport of broken-down monomers into systemic vascular & lymphatic circulations
Secretion
Endocrine (hormones)
Exocrine
HCO₃⁻
Acid
Enzymes
Mucus
Mechanical Phase: Mastication (3 Phases & Trigeminal Control)
Oral Receptors (Chemical & Somatosensory)
Afferent nerves → Bulbopontine and cortical centers → Efferent nerves (CN V3)
2/ Grinding Phase
Masseter, Temporalis & Pterygoids drive crushing
3/ Pre-Deglutition Phase
Sensory analysis of bolus consistency prior to swallow
1/ Preparation Phase
Tongue places food under dental arch
Dental & Neuromuscular Coordination
Neural Axis
Innervated principally by the Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V₃) acting on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles
Dentition Roles
Incisors (cutting/pinching)
Canines (tearing/piercing)
Premolars/Molars (crushing/grinding)
Muscular Actuators
Primary closure driven by the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles; opening controlled by the lateral pterygoids and digastric muscle
Secretory Phase: Salivary Secretion Mechanisms (2-Step Secretion & Final Saliva)