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FROM THE TUDORS TO THE STUARTS - Coggle Diagram
FROM THE TUDORS TO THE STUARTS
The First Tudors and the Reformation
Henry VII: Ended Wars of the Roses in 1485 with his victory Battle of Bosworth, reorganizing the state administration.
Henry VIII: Broke away from Rome through Act of Supremacy (1534), declaring himself Supreme Head of the Church of England.
Religious Conflicts: Under Edward VI, radical Protestantism spread, followed by Catholic backlash/severe persecutions under Mary I (known as "Bloody Mary").
Elizabeth I and the Conquest of the Seas
The "Middle Way": Elizabeth I ensured internal stability by balancing Protestantism/Catholicism.
Naval Power: expanded overseas trade/supported colonial exploration.
The Spanish Armada: 1588, the English navy defeated the Spanish Armada, greatly enhancing the country's international prestige.
The Stuart Dynasty and the Civil War
James I and Charles I: Stuart kings firmly advocated divine right of kings, leading to frequent clashes with Parliament.
The Civil War (1642–1649): Opposed Royalists (Cavaliers) against Parliamentarians (Roundheads), led by Oliver Cromwell. conflict ended with the trial/ execution of King Charles I.
The Commonwealth (1649–1658): England temporarily became a parliamentary republic ruled by Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector.
Past Perfect Simple
Struttura: Soggetto + had + participio passato del verbo (had worked, had finished).
Quando si usa: Per descrivere un'azione che era già completa prima di un altro evento nel passato.
Past Perfect Continuous
Struttura: Soggetto + had been + forma in -ing del verbo (had been working, had been reading).
Quando si usa: Per un'azione che era in corso (continua o ripetuta) prima di un altro momento o evento nel passato.
Focus: Sulla durata o sul processo dell'azione (spesso legato a domande con how long).