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Hardware and operating sistems - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating sistems
Computer Language and Function
When we communicate or memorise a sentence or make calculations, we use a lot of different symbols, sounds and images. Computer only uses 1 and 0
. This is known as the binary system.
Computer functions
We use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move, like the mouse and the keyboard. Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage that data.
Computer Elements
Microproccesor
:
The microprocessor is an integrated circuit made up of billions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
Memory types
:
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system. This initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory: the
ROM BIOS
.
RAM
The computer's main memory is its RAM (random access memory). When we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them. This is because accessing the hard disk is very slow. Since RAM doesn't retain information when the computer is switched off, we must save our work to the hard disk before we close the application. Otherwise we'll lose our work.
Cache Memory
RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor: the cache memory.
Storage Devices
We use data storage units to permanently save this data
:
Solid-State Drives (SDD)
Modern SSDs are the fastest storage devices available. They store information using transistors acting as switches. These switches can be either opened or closed.
Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
Traditional hard disks store bits by positioning millions of tiny magnets in two possible orientations that represent '0' and '1'.
Flash Memory
Solid-state memory devices include memory cards or USB drives (pen drives or memory sticks), which we connect to the computer through a USB-C port or other slots.
Cloud Storage
Cloud storage allows you to save files on remote servers accessed through the internet. Services like Google Drive, OneDrive, and Dropbox provide storage that can be accessed from any device.