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Chapter 2 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2
Atom
Z = protons, N = neutrons, A ≈ Z + N
1 amu/atom = 1 g/mol, 1 mol = 6.023 × 10²³
Atomic models
Bohr: electrons in fixed orbits, quantized energy
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Quantum numbers
n = shell, l = subshell (s, p, d, f), mₗ = orbital, mₛ = spin (±½)
Max electrons: K=2, L=8, M=18, N=32
Electron configuration
Pauli: max 2 electrons per state, opposite spins
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Bonding energy
At r₀: net force = 0, lowest energy
Large E₀ → high Tm, small α
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Periodic table
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Left = electropositive (give up electrons), right = electronegative (accept electrons)
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