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MATERIALS SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT (Introduction to Materials, Atomic Bonding…

- - - - the obstacles:
        (1) capable of scattering the wave
        (2) having spacings that are comparable in magnitude od the wavelength.
      - phase relationship between scattered waves:
        (1) constructive interference(in-phase)
        （2) destructive interference ( out of phase)
        （3）partial constructive interference
        
        constructive interference gives a strong diffracted signal
        
        destructive interference gives little or no signal
- - - - 1.find the projections onto the x, y, z axes.
        2.express the projections in terms of a, b, c.
        3.reduce to the lowest set of integers.
        4.enclose the integers in square brackets.
  - - - (1) if the plane passes through the selected origin,either another parallel plane must be constructed within the unit cell by an appropriate translation, or a new origin must be established at the corner of another unit cell.
      - (2) at this point the crystallographic plane either intersects or parallels each of the 3 axes;the length of the planar intercept for each axis is determined in terms of the lattice parameters a, b, and c.
      - (3) the reciprocals of these numbers are taken.a plane that parallels an axis may be considered to have an infinite intercept, therefore a 0 index.
      - (4) if necessary, these 3 numbers are changed to the set of smallest integers by multiplication or division by a common factor.
      - (5) finally, the integer indices, not seperated by commas,are enclosed within paretheses,thus;(hkl).
      - draw
        
        determine the origin
        
        reciprocals
      - diamond coating are used to improve cell adherence and proliferation in biomedical implants.
        the orientation of the planes and directions in a silicon wafer can affect its electrical and mechanical properties
- - - - single crystal ingot
        semiconducter
  - - - (1) each grain is a single crystal
        (2) if crystals are randomly oriented,overall component properties are not directional.
        (3) crystal sizes typ. range from 1 nm to 2 cm.
    - - (1）small crystal nuclei
        (2) growth of the crystallites;the obstruction of some grains that are adjacent to one another have formed.
        (3)upon completion of solidification,grains having irregular shapes have formed
        (4) optical microscope observation;dark lines are the boundary.