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theme 4, animals - Coggle Diagram
theme 4, animals
Body fluids
solution of water and various solutes
solutes
electrolytes
salts
NaCl
KCl
ionized in an aqueous solution
ions
cations +
anions -
surrounded by a shell of H2O
hydration shell
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concentrations differ in extracellular & intracellular fluid
ECF Na+ cation higher, Cl- anion lower, K+ cation lower
ICF Na+cation lower, Cl- anion lower, K+ cation higher
concentration gradient of K+ between ECF & ICF is important for many physiological functions
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water
60-95% of body mass
osmosis
diffusion of water down its concentration gradient
mechanism of net water movement across biological membranes & epithelia
osmotic pressure
pressure neede to cance the osmosis of water across a semipermable membrane
osmotic concentration
osmolality
relative to a mass of solvent
osmole per kg (Osm/kg)
osmolarity
related to molarity of solution
relative to volume of solution
osmolar or osmoles per liter (Osm/L)
tonicity
depends on solute concetnration & solute permeability through membranes
not colligative
depends on response of cells immersed in a solution
intracellular fluid
inside cells
extracellular fluid
outside cells
parts
interstitial fluid
space between cells
blood plasma
in blood vessels (vertebrates)
transepithelial transport
animal outer surfaces & organ cavities lined with epithelia
basal side of epithelium in contact with extracellular fluid
solutes and water cross epithelia via
transcellular transport
paracellular transport
epithelial cell
cell membrane
separates body fluids
fluid mosaic model
phospholipids
heads are hydrophyllic
tails are hydrophobic
bilayer
model first proposed by Gorter & Grendel in 1925
dissolved limids of hemolyzed RBC
spread out membrane lipids on surface of water in water bath
compressed lipid film laterally
area of lipid monlayer was 2x the calculated surface area of cell
proteins
integral
peripheral
glycoproteins
lipoproteins
held together because of polarity of phospholipid
