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4.1 DATA SOVEREIGNTY -
Chandler Jensen, INFO 353 - Coggle Diagram
4.1 DATA SOVEREIGNTY -
Chandler Jensen, INFO 353
SENSING
ENCODING
ENFORCEMENT
NETWORKS
Spectrum & broadband gaps
(Duarte, pp. 39-41, 50-51)
The FCC once licensed radio spectrum in square blocks that ignored reservation boundaries, letting nearby stations claim the airwaves over tribal land.
Tribe-built networks
(Duarte, pp. 38-41, 45-46, 48-50)
Tribes have built their own systems, from Pascua Yaqui and Hopi radio stations to the Gila River tribe’s phone and internet company.
Oliphant v. Suquamish
(Duarte, pp. 43-44)
Fusion centers combine information from tribal, state, and federal law enforcement, so tribal police must share data across jurisdictions. Yet under Oliphant v. Suquamish, tribal courts cannot try non-Indians living on reservations.
The U.S. Supreme Court (Wikipedia)
Tribal sovereign rights
(Duarte, p. 37)
Federally recognized tribes exercise the rights to self-govern, determine citizenship, and administer justice. Duarte separates this legal-political sovereignty from cultural sovereignty, a people’s will to live by its own ways of knowing.
Pascua Yaqui was among the first tribes to prosecute a non-Native defendant under VAWA 2013, partly restoring authority Oliphant removed (ICT).
Havasupai blood samples
(Duarte, pp. 36-37)
Havasupai members donated blood for diabetes research, but researchers tested it for mental illness and inbreeding without consent. Duarte describes how their blood was “reclassified as information.”
TK & BC Labels
(Local Contexts, n.d.)
Communities apply TK Labels to cultural heritage and BC Labels to biological and genetic data, attaching their own protocols for access, attribution, and use. The Labels stay attached to records as metadata wherever they go.
TK Label icons (Local Contexts)
The smart wall
(Duarte, pp. 43-45)
Boeing designed a smart wall to track movement across Tohono O’odham land using 360-degree sensors and wireless broadband. Duarte found one of its towers lying unused, in pieces, beside a border patrol base station.
GDIT’s AI-powered surveillance towers, planned for the southern border (FedScoop)
Tribal communication systems
(Duarte, pp. 44-45)
Tohono O’odham police utilize a combination of dispatch centers, shortwave radios, social media, and tribal radio with alerts about storms. Duarte notes that “four-wheel-drive trucks, two-way radios, and cool heads” can do more than a smart wall.
Gray spots
(Duarte, pp. 46-47)
In some places, elders have decided that no recording devices of any kind may be used, out of respect for ceremony and sacred landscapes. Duarte treats these as deliberate choices.
An image depicting Ali Jegk resident, Ofelia Rivas, with a sign in her yard that reads "U.S. Border Patrol: Do Not Enter Without a Lawful Search Warrant" (Tim Vanderpool, Indianz.com)
Who is SEEN?
Gray nodes are systems imposed on Native communities, and colored nodes are systems communities control.