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Oil Plants types - management - problems - Coggle Diagram
Oil Plants
types - management - problems
Temporary oilseed crops
Soybean → protein, oil
Rapeseed → oil, biodiesel
Sunflower → cooking oil
Peanuts → food, oil
Flax → linseed oil
Sesame → edible oil
Cotton → seed oil
Permanent oil crops
Olive tree → olive oil
Oil palm → cooking oil, cosmetics, biodiesel
Coconut palm → coconut oil, coconut cake
Adversities and remedies
Fungal diseases → peacock spot, black scale
Pests → olive fruit fly, olive moth
Bacteria → Xylella fastidiosa
Remedies → monitoring, prevention, suitable treatments
Olive grove management
Soil protection
Water protection
Irrigation
Cover crops
Pruning
Pest control
Sustainable farming
More information
Sustainable management
Soil erosion prevention
Water protection
Improved irrigation
Waste management
Pest control
Landscape protection
Biodiversity conservation
Cover crops
Protect the soil from rain and wind
Reduce soil erosion
Increase soil fertility and biodiversity
Irrigation
Localised irrigation
Drip irrigation
Sub-irrigation
Pruning
Growing trees → shape the tree
Mature trees → renew vegetation
Improve production capacity
Fertilisation
Limited fertiliser use
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when needed
More information
General features
Annual or biennial crops
Harvested during the same agricultural year
Important in temperate zones
Main crops and uses
Soybean → protein-rich food, animal feed, oil
Rapeseed → vegetable oil, biodiesel
Sunflower → cooking oil, margarine
Peanuts → food, cooking oil
Flax → linseed oil, fibre
Sesame → food, edible oil
Cotton → fibre, cottonseed oil
More information
General features
Perennial plants
Not included in crop rotation
Provide recurring yields for many years
Olive tree
Mediterranean climate
Oil and table olives
Needs mild winters and long, warm, dry summers
Oil palm
Tropical climates
Palm oil and fats
Used in food, cosmetics and biodiesel
Expansion can cause deforestation
Coconut palm
Tropical coastal areas
Coconut oil
Coconut cake used for livestock feed
More information
Fungal diseases
Peacock spot → leaf spots, yellowing, leaf fall
Black scale → weakens the plant and can produce honeydew
Pests
Olive fruit fly → damages olives and reduces oil quality
Olive moth → larvae damage flowers, fruits and leaves
Bacterial disease
- Xylella fastidiosa → can cause rapid decline of olive trees
Remedies
Regular monitoring
Prevention and early detection
Biological and integrated pest control
Suitable treatments when necessary
Avoid excessive use of pesticides
More details
Soybean → important source of protein; production dominated by Brazil and the USA.
Rapeseed → canola is a variety; used for vegetable oil and animal feed.
Sunflower → adaptable to different agro-climatic regions.
Peanuts → originally from South America; grow in tropical and warmer temperate regions.
Flax → one of the earliest cultivated oil crops; used for fibre and linseed oil.
Sesame → rich in unsaturated fats and vitamin B.
Biodiesel → vegetable oils can be converted into biodiesel fuel.
More details
Olive tree → more than 500 varieties in Italy; Apulia, Calabria and Sicily are important production areas.
Oil palm → native to West Africa; major producers include Indonesia and Malaysia.
Coconut palm → coconut oil is obtained from the dried kernel; coconut cake is used for livestock feed.
More details
Climate → olive trees tolerate drought but are sensitive to severe frost.
Fertilisation → nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when needed.
Water management → localised irrigation can save water.
Sustainable farming → reduce CO₂ emissions and carbon accumulation through suitable practices.
More details
Peacock spot → leaf spots, yellowing and premature leaf fall.
Black scale → produces honeydew and encourages sooty mould.
Olive fruit fly → larvae damage olives and reduce oil quality.
Olive moth → larvae damage flowers, fruits and leaves.
Xylella fastidiosa → bacterial disease that can cause rapid decline of olive trees.
Integrated pest management → monitor pests and use suitable control methods.
