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Chapter 14 - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 14 - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Inferential analysis
- the statistical testing of hypotheses (theory testing).
Descriptive analysis
- statistically describing, aggregating, and presenting the constructs of interest or associations between these constructs.
Data Collection
:
postal surveys, interviews, pretest or posttest experimental data, observational data,
Data Preparatoin
Data entry: Coded data can be entered into a spreadsheet, database, text file, or directly into a statistical program
Resolve Missing values.
Data coding: process of converting data into numeric format
codebook
Data transformation
Univariate analysis
- refers to a set of statistical techniques that
can describe the general properties of one variable
frequency distribution
central tendency
dispersion
he way values are spread around the central tendency
Standard deviation
variance
range
estimate of the centre of a distribution of values.
median
mode
arithmetic mean
variable is a summary of the frequency—or percentages—of individual values or ranges of values for that variable
Bivariate Correlation
- is a
number between -1 and +1 denoting the strength of the relationship between two variables.
Pearson product moment correlations.
If the correlations involve variables measured using interval scales
crosstab
table that describes the frequency
or percentage of all combinations of two or more nominal or categorical variables.
null hypothesis -
alternative hypothsis - non-directional hypotheses
tested by rejecting null hypotheis
The probability that a statistical
inference is caused by pure chance is called the
p-value.
compared with the
significance level (a )
degree of freedom
-the number of values that can vary freely in any calculation of a statistic.