Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Inappropriate Antibiotic Use → Antimicrobial Resistance - Coggle Diagram
Inappropriate Antibiotic Use → Antimicrobial Resistance
CAUSES
Prescribing
Antibiotics for viral illness
Wrong antibiotic or dose
Unnecessary broad-spectrum use
Patient use
Self-medication or sharing
Missed doses / stopping without advice
Diagnosis
No culture when indicated
Delayed results / uncertain diagnosis
EXAMPLES OF RESISTANCE
Resistant organisms
MRSA
VRE
ESBL-producing bacteria
CRE
Drug-resistant infections
Tuberculosis (TB)
Gonorrhea
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Appropriate prescribing
Antibiotics only when needed
Right drug, dose and duration
Infection prevention
Hand hygiene / clean equipment
PPE when indicated
Patient education
Follow prescribed directions
Never share antibiotics
KEY CONNECTIONS
Inappropriate use → resistant bacteria selected
Resistant infections → treatment may fail
Treatment failure → longer stays and higher costs
Infection prevention → reduced spread
Stewardship → less unnecessary antibiotic exposure
HOW RESISTANCE DEVELOPS
Selection
Susceptible bacteria die
Resistant bacteria survive and multiply
Resistance mechanisms
Bacteria mutate
Resistance genes transfer
Spread
Person-to-person contact
Shared surfaces / healthcare settings
EFFECTS
Patients
Treatment may fail
Longer illness / fewer treatment options
Healthcare
Longer hospital stays
Higher costs / more isolation
Community
Resistant infections spread
Greater public health burden
HEALTHCARE TEAM ACTION
Before treatment
Assess patient and allergies
Take cultures when indicated
During treatment
Monitor response and side effects
Review test results
Antimicrobial stewardship
Review antibiotic necessity
Adjust or stop when appropriate