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Protest in Qajar Iran - Coggle Diagram
Protest in Qajar Iran
Context/causes
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circle of justice: reciprocal relationship between shah and people not being met e.g. ensuring food; stopping hoarding; ensuring price
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the bread riot appeared in periods of broader political tension; trigger for other protesting wider grievances
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Types of protest
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petition authorities e.g. local governors, shah
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telegraph enabled co-ordination of protests between cities; Tobacco Revolt as first nationally co-ordinated movement in modern Iranian history
Actors
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lower classes; especially in towns, where they didn't have access to food they could grow
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Lutis: urban gangs of men adhering to idea of javanmardi (chivalry; youthful masculinity); associated with traditional gyms called zurkhaneh (house of strength)
Sources
Foreign Office, British National Archive (FO), e.g. on 'Confidential Print: Middle East' archive accessible via library
some translated Persian sources e.g. elite accounts by governors (see Nabavi, Modern Iran: A History in Documents)
travelogues written by European observers e.g. Edward Browne; many accessible on Royal Geographical Society archive accessible via library
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