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SYSTEM CALL ARCHITECTURE
PROCESS SYSTEM CALLS
Hierarchical Examples
fork() - Spawns a child process
exec() - Overwrites process memory image
exit() - Terminates execution context
wait() - Synchronizes parent with child
Functional Relationship to OS Services
Triggers CPU Scheduling
Allocates memory space for processes
FILE SYSTEM CALLS
open() - Resolves path to a file descriptor
read() - Copies data from disk to kernel buffers
write() - Commits memory data to persistent storage
close() - Invalidates file descriptors
Translates files to hardware sectors
Requires buffers in RAM
DEVICE SYSTEM CALLS
ioctl() - Modifies hardware-specific parameters
read() / write() - Streams raw bytes to devices
attach() / detach() - Binds dynamic device drivers
Manages controller state and registers
Blocks process execution during raw I/O
INFORMATION SYSTEM CALLS
getpid() - Retrieves process unique identifier
time() - Fetches system epoch timestamp
sysinfo() - Returns global hardware metrics
Reads structural attributes from CPU state
Queries tracking parameters from RAM
CORE OS SERVICES
SCHEDULING SERVICE
Manages CPU ready queues and thread state switches
MEMORY ALLOCATION SERVICE
Controls physical RAM structures and virtual page mapping
DEVICE HANDLING SERVICE
Abstracts hardware via drivers and handles controller registers