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PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Manages Execution Units
Creates & Terminates Processes
Handles CPU Scheduling
System Call Interactions
fork() - Creates a Child Process
exec() - Loads a New Program
exit() - Terminates Current Process
Interdependencies
Needs Memory Allocation
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Requests Files for Execution
FILE SYSTEM
Manages Physical RAM & Virtual Memory
Tracks Allocated Memory Space
Handles Paging and Swapping
malloc() / brk() - Allocates Heap Space
mmap() - Maps Files into Memory
free() - Releases Allocated Memory
Loads Process Images
Backs Virtual Memory to Storage
Manages Logical Storage Data
Organizes Files and Directories
Controls Access Permissions & Security
open() - Obtains a File Descriptor
read() / write() - Transfers File Data
close() - Relinquishes File Access
Stores Program Binaries on Disk
Routes Block Storage Access
I/O SYSTEM
Manages Physical Device Access
Handles Device Drivers
Manages Buffering, Caching, & Spooling
ioctl() - Controls Hardware Settings
read() / write() - Interacts with I/O Buffers
select() / poll() - Monitors Multiple Devices
Services Block/Character Device Files
Wakes Processes Blocked on I/O