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RESPONSE BACK TO USER
Kernel completes request
Control passes back
Switches Mode back
API returns
User Program receives
Asynchronous Paths
KERNEL
Processes the request
Process Management
Memory Management
File System
Interacts with Device Drivers
HARDWARE
Executes low-level instructions
CPU
Memory
Storage & Peripherals
Triggers Hardware Interrupt
SYSTEM CALL INTERFACE
Receives API request
Triggers Mode Switch
Executes Trap
Performs Context Switch
USER PROGRAM
Initiates Execution Request
Calls API
Uses Libraries
Wraps the raw System Call
Passes parameters