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Week 1 - Coggle Diagram
Week 1
Pre-contact Peru: Cosmology and Memory
Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (1535-1616),
El primer nueva crónica y buen gobierno
Gives a peak into the ages before the times of Spanish rule
His chronicle is divided into 'five suns'
Cycle of men
Sacred men
Conflicts ending in flood
Age of warriors
Age of the Inka and its empire
Offers a genealogy among other things
Mixed consciousness with the Spanish
Recognised as astonishing culture of the Americas
Inka 'El Cuzco' as the Navel of the World
4
suyus
united under the Inkas
Contained many different peoples
Represented various different languages
We access these people through objects rather than through written texts
We meet them through inertial structures, worship complexes, etc.
The Inka bring together structures which are already established
Conquest looked less like devastation and new ways of life, rather changes of allegiances
Inka / El Cuzco
A territory / a space
El Cuzco as the centre/hub of Inka life
Highway system
Hydraulic system
Irrigated fields
Stone walls
Ritual focus fro being the home of omnipotent rulers
We view it as a city, but Inka accounts begin to make more sense as we think of El Cuzco in personal/relation terms
The Inka is also referred to as el Cuzco
He retains the name as he moves about - mobile court
The Inka as the divine connector and ruler of all people of the past and present (his name is too sacred to speak out loud)
Embodies divine hospitality
Valuable to the people by uniting them and offering a system for its continued divineness
Power of the Inka is rooted in genealogy
Cosmology
Prophesy which legitimises Spanish conquest
Can integrate others divinity into your own
The Inka as the sun
Inka bureaucratic system falls rapidly from 1530s
Archeoastronomy
Unsurprisingly, the empire built on the son of the sun paired with the daughter of the moon give attention to astronomy
The Cusco ceques
Counted in ways that matter to the 4 suyus
Barnabe Cobo
Cobo
describing these ceques talks of the order which they must be followed
Waka
Anything which has becomes a focal point if divine power
E.g. architectural formation; mountains
Some have connections to one anther, often along the lines of these ceques
The number of Wakas corresponds to a significant number of days in their calendar
However, do not all fall in straight lines (not astronomically accurate)
Introduction to Latin America and the Caribbean
European racial supremacy
Africans brought to the Americas
Racial oppression within the Spanish and Portuguese empires over the Americas
Colonial states
The fragility of liberal democracy
System of government that to most political scholars appears vulnerable and fragile by autocratic forces
Vulnerable and under threat in latin America, since they began experimenting with democracy, following independence/ revolutions
Established as republics (minus the constitutional monarchy of Brazil)
Countries ran by constitutions which intended to rule by the will of the people
From the get-go the project of liberal democracy was constantly on the verge of collapse and has been seen to descend into civil war at various points of the region's history
Authoritarianism has been seen to take over the attempt of democracy in Latin America
internal contradictions and tensions within liberal democracy
Terminology
Latin America
More ambitious to define that the Caribbean
Refers not to a geographical but a cultural phenomenon
'Latin America' comes from its use of Latin languages (primarily Spanish, Portuguese, and French)
means some Caribbean countries constitute as Latin America (e.g. Cuba and Haiti)
More restrictive 'Latin America' definition - refers to those parts of the Americas where Spanish and Portuguese is spoken (still includes Cuba, but no longer Haiti)
A part of America Latin in culture
An idea not widely shared in Latin America itself (besides some Mexican conservatives)
An idea invented by French intellectuals
latin America began using the idea of Latin America in the 1850s in response to USA aggression/imperialism
Latin Americans, when they did adopt the idea of Latin America, tended to include only Spanish speaking countries, or Spanish speaking countries plus Brazil
The Caribbean
The geographic destination of the islands within and the mainland coastlines around the Caribbean Sea
What unifies the Caribbean as a geographical entity is the connection by the CaribbeanSea as a body of water which facilitates transport and connection
The Caribbean historically was a primary destination for the transport of enslaved Africans in the Americas
Historical experience marked more so by the trauma of slavery than elsewhere in the Americas
Diverse countries sharing similar experiences
South of USA
