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CHAPTER 2 TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2
TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT
2.1 Basic Planning Process
Planning Process
Study Preparation
Goals & Objectives
Survey
Analysis
Policy & Plan
Recommendation
Implementation
Monitoring & Reformation
2.2 Approaches to Tourism Planning
Basic Approaches
Continuous & Flexible → adjust based on monitoring
Systems → tourism parts are interconnected
Comprehensive → consider all aspects
Integrated → tourism fits overall area development
Sustainable → protect resources
Community → involve local people
Implementable → realistic and achievable
Systematic → follow logical steps
Tourism Planning Traditions
Boosterism → tourism is seen as always beneficial
Economic → focus on income, jobs & economic growth
Physical/Spatial → focus on land use & environment
Community → focus on local people
Sustainable → balance economic, social & environmental needs
2.3 Tourism System
Leiper’s Model
Generating region
Transit region
Destination region
Mill & Morrison
Market
Travel
Destination
Marketing
Murphy, Hall & McArthur
Demand
Supply
Tourist experience
2.4 Destination Lifecycle – Butler (1980)
Exploration→ Few tourists, natural area, little infrastructure
Involvement→ Locals start tourism services
Development→ Rapid growth, investment & infrastructure
Consolidation→ Tourism becomes major industry, growth slows
Stagnation→ Overcrowding, environmental problems, loss of appeal
Decline→ Fewer tourists, facilities deteriorate
Rejuvenation→ New attractions/strategies to revive tourism