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Japan Earthquake 2011 (HIC) - Coggle Diagram
Japan Earthquake 2011 (HIC)
Primary effects
North East Japan
1.5 million without water
4 million without electricity
Fukushima dam burst close to prefectural capital - Fukushima city evacuated
Eastern Tohoku
roads and rail lines damaged, electricity knocked out and water + sewage systems disrupted
Ground shaking destroyed thousands of homes (Fukushima, Ibaraki, Chiba prefectures
Violent ground shaking (up to 6 minutes)
Caused many injuries and some deaths from building collapse
Secondary effects
560km squared coastal land (farmland, towns and cities) inundated with water
The waves destroyed port facilities, infrasctructures and homes
500,000 homeless (attributed to earthquake)
City of Sendia severely affected (17,000 deaths)
10 m high tsunami waves caused almost all 18,000 deaths
Thousands left without electricity, water and sanitation
Total damages estimated at US $235 Billion (World Bank Data)
Costliest global natural disaster on record
Many living in temporary shelters for months
After-shocks continued to rock Japan
Explosions at Fukushima Power Plant - evacuation of 100,000 due to fears of radioactive leaks
Immediate responses
Search and rescue teams from Japan and abroad
100,000 members of Japanese self-defence Force
Worked for several days however there were few survivors
500,000 evacuated to higher ground before tsunami struck
Many homes destroyed - serious need for emergency shelter, water and food
within a few weeks some road and railway networks were restored (Improving access to region)
Power soon restored, but supply was intermittent due to damage at Fukushima power plant
Long-term responses
Recontruction budget created at over US $150 Billion
Early 2015, most debris had been cleared and new housing constructed away from low lying coast
Tax incentives promoted investment in industry + business
2020: nearly 300,000 units of public housing completed
Reconstruction design council
Devised a long-term plan (2012-2022) for the region, identifying zones for reconstruction with simpler planning procedures
Almost all farmland - seafood processing plants restored
2013: Upgrade in tsunami warning systems - provides faster + more accurate forecasts
2013: Sea walls (up to 12.5 m high) and embankments constructed - protects cities, industries and power plants
About
Costliest disaster on record
DATE
March 11th 2011 at 2.46 pm
Magnitude 9.0 on Richter - shifted the earth on its axis
Location of epicentre:
In the North-Western Pacific Ocean - at a relatively shallow depth (32km)
On a destructive plate boundary (Pacific plate was subducting, North American plate)
Caused the severity of the earthquake
GNI: US $41,690 (24th/192)
HDI: 0.919 (19th/189)
Interesting
10 Huge tsunami waves
up to 10 m high
surged up to 10km inland up river valleys