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Autism - Coggle Diagram
Autism
Etiology
Genetic factors
Spontaneous DNA changes
Recurrence risk
Polygenic
Prenatal / Maternal influence
Parents age - older increases risk
In-utero medication exposure
Perinatal risks
Born before 26 weeks
Low birth weight
Oxygen deprivation during birth
Environmental factors
Prenatal air pollution exposure
Heavy metal toxicty
Pathophisiology
Neurostructural Changes
Macrocephaly during infantcy
Atypical frontal and temporal lobe development
Reduced volume of corpus callosum
Neural Connectivity
Over-connected short-range pathways
Poor communication between brain regions
Synaptic and Cellular dysfunction
GABA neurotransmitter dysfunction
Defects in synaptic formation
Impaired mirror neuron system
Systemic factors
Chronic neuroinflammation
Gut-microbiome-brain axis dysregulation
Elevated serotonin levels
Treatment
Behavioral / Communication Interventions
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
Developmental Therapies
Communication skills
Sensory integration / motor skills
Coordination / motore planning
Educational Support
Social skills training
IEP
Medications
Atypical antipsychotics
Stimulants
SSRIs
Melatonin
Signs
Social / communication
Poor or no eye contact
No response to own name by 12 months
Lack of facial expressions
Behavioral / Motor
Repetitive motor movements
Inflexible attachment to objects or routines
Delayed or absent speech development
Physical / Devlopment indicators
Atypical motor milestones
Regression of words or social skills
Diagnosis
Developmental screening tools
M-CHAT-R/F
ASG-3
Comprehensive diagnostic evaliuations
ADOS-2
ADI-R
CARS-2
Medical Assessments
Develpomental / behavioral evaluation
Pediatric neurologist evaluation
Child psychologist evaluaiton
Prognosis
Lifelong neurodevelopmental condition
High variability of independent living
Mental health challenges
Symptoms
Sensory / routine focus
Sensory hypersensitivity / hyposensitivity
Distress over changes
Fixated interests
Social / communication focus
Difficulty reading facial features
Difficulty expressing wants or needs