The conflict in the Sahel region is a typical example of how climate change, inequality, and weak governance may aggravate an ongoing violent event. Extremist groups take advantage of ethnic tensions, land grabbing issues, and the government’s inefficiency to expand their influence. Thus, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger’s instability has turned into an armed ethnic and regional conflict involving ISGS and JNIM terrorist groups, state troops, international military forces, and local self-defense groups. The situation in the region has deteriorated significantly, with hunger, ethnic violence, and humanitarian crises impacting millions of people. According to CSIS (2020), approximately 13 million people required humanitarian assistance, and over 1.5 million people were forced to leave their homes. Moreover, as the fight against terrorist groups continues, many abusive groups have emerged, which are both local and international. It makes it difficult to distinguish between aggressors and defenders, especially when it comes to protecting villages and towns from aerial bombardments and attacks. Therefore, experts suggest having negotiations with existing armed groups to guarantee humanitarian help, establishing stronger relationships between governments and locals, and providing alternative economic opportunities to prevent the conflict from growing. However, there are too many international, state, and local military groups to establish the required connection and cooperation, turning the fight against terrorism into another conflict.