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Subaltern Studies, Agency and Resistance - Coggle Diagram

- - - - search for autonomous peasant consciousness as driving force behind rebellions in 19th century; peasants as rational political actors as subjects of history
      - Guha, 'The Prose of Counterinsugency': colonial reports often denied that peasants were rational, political actors, attributing rebellions to fanaticism, emotion, irrationality, and outside agitators; language like 'mobs' used to present groups as merely following dictates of elites
    - - e.g. 'history from below' was popularised by E.P. Thompson's Making of the English Working Class, but this omitted colonialism
- - - - this has methodological consequences: often the archives tell us a protest happened, but not necessarily the motivations behind them (other than orientalist tropes and the 'prose of counterinsurgency' (Guha))
    - - linked to Iran, this might explain why subalterns continually appealed to higher authorities like the shah to intervene (