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Water Pollution on Mining Areas - Coggle Diagram
Water Pollution on Mining Areas
1: CAUSES
Mine drainage
Water flowing through mine workings
Contaminated pit water
Waste rock
Exposed minerals
Leaching of contaminants
Tailings
Tailings seepage
Tailings spills or failures
Mining chemicals
Processing chemicals
Fuels and oils
Surface runoff
Rainwater washing pollutants from mining areas
Soil disturbance
Land clearing
Excavation
Erosion
Mining wastewater
Poorly treated or untreated discharge
4:INDICATORS
Chemical Indicators
pH
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Sulphate
Ammonia
Nitrate
Heavy metals
Physical Indicators
Turbidity
Temperature
Colour
Odour
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Biological Indicators
Fish deaths
Reduced aquatic organisms
Changes in algae
Changes in aquatic biodiversity
Visible Indicators
Discoloured water
Oily surface
Excessive sediment
Unusual smell
Dead aquatic organisms
5:PREVENTION
Control stormwater runoff
Proper waste-rock management
Safe tailings management
Safe chemical storage
Prevent fuel and oil spills
Maintain vegetation around waterways
Use erosion and sediment controls
Reuse and recycle mine water
Regular water-quality monitoring
Maintain mining equipment
Develop environmental management plans
Regularly inspect tailings facilities
6:SOLUTION
Mine wastewater treatment
Acid mine drainage treatment
Removal of heavy metals
Sediment-control systems
Revegetation
Mine-site rehabilitation
Clean-up of contaminated waterways
Water recycling and reuse
Continuous water-quality monitoring
Environmental regulations and enforcement
Community participation
Environmental awareness and education
2:TYPES
Chemical pollution
Acids
Processing chemicals
Heavy-metal pollution
Lead
Mercury
Arsenic
Cadmium
Copper
Sediment pollution
Soil
Silt
Suspended solids
Oil and fuel pollution
Groundwater pollution
Surface water pollution
Rivers
Lakes
Streams
Acid mine drainage
3:EFFECTS
Aquatic Life
Fish deaths
Damage to aquatic habitats
Reduced aquatic biodiversity
Disruption of food chains
Environment
Contaminated rivers and lakes
Groundwater contamination
Increased sedimentation
Degradation of aquatic ecosystems
Human Health
Reduced access to safe drinking water
Exposure to harmful contaminants
Increased health risks where polluted water is consumed
Community
Reduced fishing opportunities
Impacts on agriculture
Loss of clean water sources
Increased cost of water treatment