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1.1 Materials and their Applications - Coggle Diagram
1.1 Materials and their Applications
Mechanical Forces
Shearing
Torsion
Compression
Tension
Bending
Metals
Aluminium case study: suitable for drinks cans as it is malleable, lightweight, non corroding and attractive
Alloys: brass, stainless steel, bronze
Non-ferrous: gold, silver, copper etc
Ferrous: iron and steel
Material Classification
Metals
Ferrous
Non-ferrous
Alloys
Timbers
Hardwoods
Softwoods
Manufactured
Polymers
Thermosetting plastics
Elastomers
Thermoforming plastics
Compliant materials
Papers
Boards
Composite Materials
Particle based
Fibre based
Sheet based
Modern materials
Shape memory
Thermchromic
Photochromic
Electroluminescent
Piezo electric
Textiles
Synthetic fibre
Natural fibre
Timber
Softwoods: needle leaves, evergreen, cheap, fast growing. Eg pine, spruce, cedar
Man made: comes in sheet form, waste-free. Eg MDF, chipboard, block board
Hardwoods: broad leaves, deciduous, slow glowing, expensive. Eg oak. beech, teak, mahogany, birch
Case study: teak is suitable for outdoor furniture because it has oils that resist wear, is hard, and attractive
Physical Properties
Optical properties
Electrical conductivity or insulation
Weight
Density
Thermal conductivity or insulation
Polymers
Thermoforming plastics: can be reshaped after heating. Tangled polymer chains, lower melting point, recycleable. Eg nylon, polypropylene, acrylic, PVA
Thermosetting plastics: set irreversibly forever (cure) after heating. Chains joined by strong cross-linked bonds, higher melting point. Eg epoxy resin, urea formaldehyde
Case study thermosetting: epoxy resin, strong after curing, good chemical and wear resistance, electrical insulator, adhesive
Case study thermoforming: nylon is suitable for clothing, it is hard, tough, resistant to wear, self lubricating, resistant to heat and chemicals
Papers and Boards
Papers are measured in grams
Boards are measured in microns
Case study: corrugated card, easy to cut, foldable, food safe, insulating due to corroflutes, lightweight, recycleable, biodegradeable
Composite Materials
Materials made from two or more materials to combine properties
Case study: glass fibre reinforced plastic is suitable for boat hulls: easily manufactured, can be pigmented, doesn't corrode in water, tough
Smart Materials
Case study: thermochromic film is suitable for thermometers: changes colour in temp change, non toxic, flexible
Reacts to a stimulus
Mechanical Properties
Plasticity
Malleability
Fuseability
Elasticity
Toughness
Strength
Hardness
Brittleness
Ductility
Magneticism
Torsional strength
Shear strength
Compressive strength
Corrosion resistance
Industrial Testing
Toughness test
Hardness test
Rockwell: adding loads to indent
Brinell: steel ball indent
Vickers: for hard materials, diamond pyramid indent
Tensile strength test
Electrical conductivity test
Ductility and malleability test
Thermal conductivity test
Non destructive testing
Workshop Testing
Tensile strength test
Toughness test
Hardness test
Malleability and durability test
Corrosion test
Conductivity test