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Movement across plasma membrane - Coggle Diagram
Movement across plasma membrane
Passive transport: Does not require energy; moves down concentration gradient.
Simple diffusion
Small, non polar molecules pass directly through the lipid bilayer
Examples
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
lipids
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Key words
Water
Aquaporins
Hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
Facilitated diffusion
Passive movement assisted by membrane proteins
Sub types
channel proteins
voltage gated ion channels
ligand/neurotransmitter gated ion channels
carrier proteins
conformational change moves specific molecules
Example
Na +
K +
Ca 2+
Active transport: Requires ATP energy; moves against concentration gradient or requires a large-scale transport.
Primary active transport
Hydrolyses ATP to pump ions and molecules
Examples
Sodium potassium pump
Protein pumps
Secondary active trasnport
Sub types
Symport (co transport): moving molecules in the same direction
Antiport: moving molecules in opposite directions
Uses energy from established ion gradient
Examples
Amino acid absorption
glucose reabsorption in kidneys/gut
Bulk transport: Requires ATP & vesicles; moves larger particles or large quantities.
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Pinocytosis
Celll drinking
Receptor mediated
Specific binding via receptors and clathrin-coated pits
Exocytosis
Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release contents outside.
Examples
Hormone secretion
Neurotransmitter release